Spring Boot 读取配置文件
开发环境:IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.2
Spring Boot版本:2.1.8
新建一个名称为demo的Spring Boot项目。
一、默认配置文件
Spring Boot会读取名称application.properties(yml)的配置文件。
如果有多个同名文件,默认情况下,按照下面顺序读取:
(1)项目根目录的config目录
(2)项目根目录
(3)项目classpath下的config目录
(4)项目classpath根目录
如果同一个配置项出现在多份配置文件中,后面读取的值不会覆盖前面的。
测试:
在项目的4个位置各建立application.properties,内容如下:
(1)config/application.properties
test = config/application.properties test1 = test1
(2)application.properties
test = application.properties test2 = test2
(3)src/main/resources/config/application.properties
test = src/main/resources/config/application.properties test3 = test3
(4)src/main/resources/application.properties
test = src/main/resources/application.properties test4 = test4
修改默认生成的启动类 DemoApplication.cs 代码:
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.core.env.Environment; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } @Autowired private Environment env; @RequestMapping("/") public String getProp(){ String test = env.getProperty("test"); String test1 = env.getProperty("test1"); String test2 = env.getProperty("test2"); String test3 = env.getProperty("test3"); String test4 = env.getProperty("test4"); return test + "," + test1 + "," + test2 + "," + test3 + "," + test4; } }
访问 http://localhost:8080/
输出:config/application.properties,test1,test2,test3,test4
二、指定配置文件
读取指定的配置文件,不使用默认的application.properties。
测试:
(1)src/main/resources/application.properties 内容:
test1 = application.properties
(2)在项目的src/main/resources新建目录config,新建配置文件myConfig.properties,内容:
test2= myConfig.properties
修改默认生成的启动类 DemoApplication.cs 代码:
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder; import org.springframework.core.env.Environment; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { //SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); new SpringApplicationBuilder(DemoApplication.class).properties( "spring.config.location=classpath:/config/myConfig.properties" ).run(args); } @Autowired private Environment env; @RequestMapping("/") public String getProp(){ String test1 = env.getProperty("test1"); String test2 = env.getProperty("test2"); return test1 + "," + test2; } }
访问 http://localhost:8080/
输出:null,myConfig.properties
可见application.properties已读取不到,成功读取到配置文件myConfig.properties。
也可以使用spring.config.name指定配置文件的名称,如下面代码指定了myConfig,Spring Boot会到classpath下寻找myConfig.properties(yml)。
public static void main(String[] args) { //SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); /*new SpringApplicationBuilder(DemoApplication.class).properties( "spring.config.location=classpath:/config/myConfig.properties" ).run(args);*/ new SpringApplicationBuilder(DemoApplication.class).properties( "spring.config.name=myConfig").run(args); }
三、使用profile指定配置
使用profile可以根据特定的环境来激活不同的配置。
src/main/resources/application.yml 内容如下:
spring: profiles: mysql jdbc: driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver --- spring: profiles: oracle jdbc: driver: oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
修改默认生成的启动类 DemoApplication.cs 代码:
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder; import org.springframework.core.env.Environment; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.Scanner; @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { //SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); String profile = scan.nextLine(); new SpringApplicationBuilder(DemoApplication.class).properties( "spring.config.location=classpath:/application.yml" ).profiles(profile).run(args); } @Autowired private Environment env; @RequestMapping("/") public String getProp(){ String res = env.getProperty("jdbc.driver"); return res; } }
在IDEA中点击Run按钮后,在控制台先敲回车再输入oracle,
访问 http://localhost:8080/ 输出:oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
重新Run,在控制台先敲回车再输入mysql,
访问 http://localhost:8080/ 输出:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
还可以通过不同配置文件的名称来设置profile,创建下面3个文件。
(1)src/main/resources/application.yml 内容:
spring: profiles: active: oracle
(2)src/main/resources/application-mysql.yml 内容:
jdbc: driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
(3)src/main/resources/application-oracle.yml 内容:
jdbc: driver: oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
修改默认生成的启动类 DemoApplication.cs 代码:
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder; import org.springframework.core.env.Environment; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.Scanner; @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } @Autowired private Environment env; @RequestMapping("/") public String getProp(){ String res = env.getProperty("jdbc.driver"); return res; } }
访问 http://localhost:8080/ 输出:oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
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