服务链路跟踪

背景

微服务以微出名，在实际的开发过程中，涉及到成百上千个服务，网络请求引起服务之间的调用极其复杂。

当请求不可用或者变慢时，需要及时排查出故障服务点成为了微服务维护的一大难关。

服务链路跟踪技术应运而生。

ZipKin

Zipkin 是一个开放源代码分布式的跟踪系统，由Twitter公司开源，它致力于收集服务的定时数据，以解决微服务架构中的延迟问题，包括数据的收集、存储、查找和展现。

每个服务向zipkin报告计时数据，zipkin会根据调用关系通过Zipkin UI生成依赖关系图，显示了多少跟踪请求通过每个服务，该系统让开发者可通过一个 Web 前端轻松的收集和分析数据，例如用户每次请求服务的处理时间等，可方便的监测系统中存在的瓶颈。

Zipkin提供了可插拔数据存储方式：In-Memory、MySql、Cassandra以及Elasticsearch。接下来的测试为方便直接采用In-Memory方式进行存储，生产推荐Elasticsearch。

快速入门

在Zuul集群的代码上进行修改：https://github.com/HCJ-shadow/Zuul-Gateway-Cluster-Nginx

• 创建zipkin-server

• pom【zipkin】

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

<properties>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--        Eureka客户端启动需要依赖web模块-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
    </dependency>

 
</dependencies>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

• yaml

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.com:2003/eureka/
server:
  port: 9001
spring:
  application:
    name: zipkin-server

• 主启动类@EnableZipkinServer

package zkrun.top;


import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import zipkin2.server.internal.EnableZipkinServer;

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZipkinServer
public class App_Zipkin_9001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(App_Zipkin_9001.class,args);
    }

}

• 向其他服务注入Zipkin监控

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>

spring:
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9001

访问

localhost:9001

服务监控

• 创建msc-springboot-admin-10001
• pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>zkrun.top</groupId>
    <artifactId>msc-springboot-admin-10001</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--        Eureka客户端启动需要依赖web模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-server</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.5</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>




</project>

• yaml

server:
  port: 10001

spring:
  application:
    name: admin-server
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9001

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.com:2003/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: admin-server-10001
    prefer-ip-address: true     #访问路径可以显示IP地址

management:
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: always
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: ["health","info"]

• 主类@EnableAdminServer

package zkrun.top;

import de.codecentric.boot.admin.server.config.EnableAdminServer;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAdminServer
@EnableEurekaClient
public class App_Admin_10001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(App_Admin_10001.class,args);
    }
}

依次启动Eureka，provider，zuul，zipkin，admin

访问Eureka

http://localhost:2001/

访问

http://localhost:10001

代码参考：https://github.com/HCJ-shadow/Zipkin-SpringBoot-Admin