laravel运行原理之底层源码浅析
一、运行原理描述
laravel的入口文件 index.php
1、引入自动加载 autoload.php
2、创建应用实例，并同时完成了：
基本绑定($this、容器类Container等等)、
基本服务提供者的注册（Event、log、routing）、
核心类别名的注册(比如db、auth、config、router等)
3、开始Http请求的处理
make方法从容器中解析指定的值为实际的类，比如$app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class) 解析出 App\Http\Http.php
handle方法对http请求进行处理
实际上是handle中的sendRequestThroughRouter处理的http请求
首先，将request绑定到共享实例
然后执行bootstarp方法，运行给定的引导类数组$bootstrappers，这里很关键，包括了加载配置文件、环境变量、服务提供者（config/app.php中的providers）、门面、异常处理、引导提供者
之后，进入管道模式，经过中间件的处理过滤后，再进行用户请求的分发
在请求分发时，首先，查找与给定请求匹配的路由，然后执行runRoute方法，实际处理请求的是runRoute 方法中的runRouteWithinStack
然后，经过runRouteWithinStack中的run方法，将请求分配到实际的控制器中，并得到响应结果
4、将处理结果返回
二、详细源码分析
1、注册自动加载器，实现文件的自动加载
require __dir__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
2、创建应用容器实例Application（该实例继承自容器类Container）,并绑定核心（web、命令行、异常），以便在需要时解析它们
$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
#app.php
<?php
// 创建Laravel实例 【3】
$app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(
$_ENV['APP_BASE_PATH'] ?? dirname(__DIR__)
);
// 绑定Web端kernel
$app->singleton(
Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,
App\Http\Kernel::class
);
// 绑定命令行kernel
$app->singleton(
Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class,
App\Console\Kernel::class
);
// 绑定异常处理kernel
$app->singleton(
Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler::class,
App\Exceptions\Handler::class
);
// 返回应用实例
return $app;
3、在创建应用实例（Application.php）的构造函数中，将基本绑定注册到容器中，并注册了所有的基本服务提供者，以及在容器中注册核心类别名
Application.php
public function __construct($basePath = null)
{
// 将基本绑定注册到容器中【3.1】
$this->registerBaseBindings();
// 注册所有基本服务提供者【3.2】
$this->registerBaseServiceProviders();
// 在容器中注册核心类别名【3.3】
$this->registerCoreContainerAliases();
}
3.1、将基本绑定注册到容器中
static::setInstance($this);
$this->instance('app', $this);
$this->instance(Container::class, $this);
$this->singleton(Mix::class);
$this->instance(PackageManifest::class, new PackageManifest(
new Filesystem, $this->basePath(), $this->getCachedPackagesPath()
));
# 注：instance方法为将...注册为共享实例，singleton方法为将...注册为共享绑定
3.2、注册所有基本服务提供者(事件、日志、路由)
protected function registerBaseServiceProviders()
{
$this->register(new EventServiceProvider($this));
$this->register(new LogServiceProvider($this));
$this->register(new RoutingServiceProvider($this));
}
3.3、在容器中注册核心类别名
4、上面完成了类的自动加载、服务提供者注册、核心类的绑定、以及基本注册的绑定
5、开始解析http请求
index.php
// 5.1
$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);
// 5.2
$response = $kernel->handle(
$request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
);5.1 make方法是从容器解析给定值
$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);
中的Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class 是在index.php 中的$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';这里面进行绑定的，实际指向的就是App\Http\Kernel::class这个类5.2 这里对http请求进行处理
$response = $kernel->handle(
$request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
);
进入$kernel所代表的类App\Http\Kernel.php中，我们可以看到其实里面只是定义了一些中间件相关的内容，并没有handle方法
<?php
namespace App\Http;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;
class Kernel extends HttpKernel
{
/**
* The application's global HTTP middleware stack.
*
* These middleware are run during every request to your application.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $middleware = [
\App\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize::class,
\App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class,
\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
\App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies::class,
];
/**
* The application's route middleware groups.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $middlewareGroups = [
'web' => [
\App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class,
\Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
\Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
// \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
\Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
\App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
\Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
],
'api' => [
'throttle:60,1',
'bindings',
],
];
/**
* The application's route middleware.
*
* These middleware may be assigned to groups or used individually.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $routeMiddleware = [
'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
'bindings' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
];
/**
* The priority-sorted list of middleware.
*
* This forces the listed middleware to always be in the given order.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $middlewarePriority = [
\Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
\Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
\App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
\Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
\Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
\Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
];
}因此，我们再到它的父类use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;中找handle方法，可以看到handle方法是这样的
public function handle($request)
{
try {
// 方法欺骗，不用关注这里
$request->enableHttpMethodParameterOverride();
// 最核心的处理http请求的地方【6】
$response = $this->sendRequestThroughRouter($request);
} catch (Exception $e) {
$this->reportException($e);
$response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
} catch (Throwable $e) {
$this->reportException($e = new FatalThrowableError($e));
$response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
}
$this->app['events']->dispatch(
new Events\RequestHandled($request, $response)
);
return $response;
}6、处理http请求（将request绑定到共享实例，并使用管道模式处理用户请求）
vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php的handle方法
// 最核心的处理http请求的地方
$response = $this->sendRequestThroughRouter($request);
进入sendRequestThroughRouter方法，
protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
{
// 将请求$request绑定到共享实例
$this->app->instance('request', $request);
// 将请求request从已解析的门面实例中清除（因为已经绑定到共享实例中了，没必要再浪费资源了）
Facade::clearResolvedInstance('request');
// 引导应用程序进行HTTP请求
$this->bootstrap();【7、8】
// 进入管道模式，经过中间件，然后处理用户的请求【9、10】
return (new Pipeline($this->app))
->send($request)
->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
}
7、在bootstrap方法中，运行给定的引导类数组$bootstrappers，加载配置文件、环境变量、服务提供者、门面、异常处理、引导提供者，非常重要的一步
位置在vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php
/**
* Bootstrap the application for HTTP requests.
*
* @return void
*/
public function bootstrap()
{
if (! $this->app->hasBeenBootstrapped()) {
$this->app->bootstrapWith($this->bootstrappers());
}
}
/**
* 运行给定的引导类数组
*
* @param string[] $bootstrappers
* @return void
*/
public function bootstrapWith(array $bootstrappers)
{
$this->hasBeenBootstrapped = true;
foreach ($bootstrappers as $bootstrapper) {
$this['events']->dispatch('bootstrapping: '.$bootstrapper, [$this]);
$this->make($bootstrapper)->bootstrap($this);
$this['events']->dispatch('bootstrapped: '.$bootstrapper, [$this]);
}
}
/**
* Get the bootstrap classes for the application.
*
* @return array
*/
protected function bootstrappers()
{
return $this->bootstrappers;
}
/**
* 应用程序的引导类
*
* @var array
*/
protected $bootstrappers = [
// 加载环境变量
\Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadEnvironmentVariables::class,
// 加载config配置文件【重点】
\Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadConfiguration::class,
// 加载异常处理
\Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\HandleExceptions::class,
// 加载门面注册
\Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterFacades::class,
// 加载在config/app.php中的providers数组里所定义的服务【8 重点】
\Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterProviders::class,
// 记载引导提供者
\Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\BootProviders::class,
];
8、加载config/app.php中的providers数组里所定义的服务
Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Broadcasting\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Bus\BusServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Cache\CacheServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ConsoleSupportServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Cookie\CookieServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Database\DatabaseServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Encryption\EncryptionServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\FoundationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Hashing\HashServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Mail\MailServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Notifications\NotificationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Pagination\PaginationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Pipeline\PipelineServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Queue\QueueServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Redis\RedisServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordResetServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Session\SessionServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Validation\ValidationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\View\ViewServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\EventServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider::class,
/**
* 自己添加的服务提供者
*/
\App\Providers\HelperServiceProvider::class,
可以看到，关于常用的 Redis、session、queue、auth、database、Route 等服务都是在这里进行加载的
9、使用管道模式处理用户请求，先经过中间件进行处理
return (new Pipeline($this->app))
->send($request)
// 如果没有为程序禁用中间件，则加载中间件（位置在app/Http/Kernel.php的$middleware属性）
->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
}
app/Http/Kernel.php
/**
* 应用程序的全局HTTP中间件
*
* These middleware are run during every request to your application.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $middleware = [
\App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies::class,
\App\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize::class,
\App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class,
\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
];10、经过中间件处理后，再进行请求分发（包括查找匹配路由）
10.1 通过中间件/路由器发送给定的请求
/**
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
{
...
return (new Pipeline($this->app))
...
// 进行请求分发
->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
}10.2 获取路由调度程序回调
/**
* @return \Closure
*/
protected function dispatchToRouter()
{
return function ($request) {
$this->app->instance('request', $request);
// 将请求发送到应用程序
return $this->router->dispatch($request);
};
}10.3 将请求发送到应用程序
/**
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
public function dispatch(Request $request)
{
$this->currentRequest = $request;
return $this->dispatchToRoute($request);
}10.4 将请求分派到路由并返回响应【重点在runRoute方法】
/**
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request)
{
//
return $this->runRoute($request, $this->findRoute($request));
}10.5 查找与给定请求匹配的路由
/**
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Routing\Route
*/
protected function findRoute($request)
{
$this->current = $route = $this->routes->match($request);
$this->container->instance(Route::class, $route);
return $route;
}10.6 查找与给定请求匹配的第一条路由
/**
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Routing\Route
*
* @throws \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\NotFoundHttpException
*/
public function match(Request $request)
{
// 获取用户的请求类型（get、post、delete、put），然后根据请求类型选择对应的路由
$routes = $this->get($request->getMethod());
// 匹配路由
$route = $this->matchAgainstRoutes($routes, $request);
if (! is_null($route)) {
return $route->bind($request);
}
$others = $this->checkForAlternateVerbs($request);
if (count($others) > 0) {
return $this->getRouteForMethods($request, $others);
}
throw new NotFoundHttpException;
}到现在，已经找到与请求相匹配的路由了，之后将运行了，也就是10.4 中的runRoute 方法
10.4 将请求分派到路由并返回响应
/**
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request)
{
return $this->runRoute($request, $this->findRoute($request));
}10.7 返回给定路线的响应
/**
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @param \Illuminate\Routing\Route $route
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
protected function runRoute(Request $request, Route $route)
{
$request->setRouteResolver(function () use ($route) {
return $route;
});
$this->events->dispatch(new Events\RouteMatched($route, $request));
return $this->prepareResponse($request,
$this->runRouteWithinStack($route, $request)
);
}10.8 在栈中运行路由
/**
* Run the given route within a Stack "onion" instance.
* @param \Illuminate\Routing\Route $route
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return mixed
*/
protected function runRouteWithinStack(Route $route, Request $request)
{
$shouldSkipMiddleware = $this->container->bound('middleware.disable') &&
$this->container->make('middleware.disable') === true;
$middleware = $shouldSkipMiddleware ? [] : $this->gatherRouteMiddleware($route);
return (new Pipeline($this->container))
->send($request)
->through($middleware)
->then(function ($request) use ($route) {
return $this->prepareResponse(
$request, $route->run()
);
});
}11、运行路由并返回响应[重点]
可以看到，10.7 中有一个方法是prepareResponse，该方法是从给定值创建响应实例，而 runRouteWithinStack 方法则是在栈中运行路由，也就是说，http的请求和响应都将在这里完成。
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