Redis过期多线程优化(redis过期 多线程)
Redis是一种流行的NoSQL数据库,广泛用于存储缓存和会话信息。 Redis采用了基于内存的存储方式,能够提供非常高的性能。但是,在高负载场景下,Redis过期机制的性能可能会成为瓶颈,影响整个系统的性能表现。本文将介绍如何通过多线程优化Redis过期机制,提高Redis的性能。
1. Redis过期机制
Redis过期机制是指当Redis数据库中的某个键失效时,该键所对应的数据就会被自动清除。Redis支持两种失效策略:1)定期删除;2)惰性删除。定期删除是指Redis周期性地扫描一部分过期键,并删除这些键所对应的数据。惰性删除是指只有当某个请求去获取某个键的值时,Redis才检查这个键是否过期,并在需要的时候删除这个键所对应的数据。
在Redis中,当一个键过期时,会通过服务器Cron定期扫描认为键已过期的键,并将其清除。默认情况下,Redis将每秒钟执行10次过期键扫描操作。但是,当有大量的键过期时,这种方式可能会导致Redis服务器的性能下降。
2. 多线程优化
为了提高Redis的性能,可以使用多线程的方式优化Redis过期机制。具体来说,可以将过期键扫描操作分为多个线程进行处理,以充分利用多核CPU的性能优势。
使用多线程处理Redis过期键扫描操作需要对Redis源代码进行修改。下面是一个基于Redis 6.2.5版本的多线程过期键扫描实现示例:
#include "server.h"
#include "pthread.h"
#define MAX_EXPIRE_THREADS 10#define SCAN_CYCLE_USEC_DEFAULT 1000
/* Thread-safe context for expire thread */typedef struct {
int dbid; long long now;
unsigned long long yield_sec; unsigned long long yield_usec;
unsigned long long sync_io_count; unsigned long long samples;
unsigned long long expired; unsigned long long evicted;
unsigned long long keys_examined; unsigned long long keys_yielded;
} expire_ctx;
/* Background expire thread ID */static pthread_t expire_threads[MAX_EXPIRE_THREADS];
/* Background expire thread context */expire_ctx expire_ctxs[MAX_EXPIRE_THREADS];
/* Global state for all threads */volatile int expire_threads_cancelled;
unsigned long long expire_operation_id;unsigned long long expire_cycle_id;
pthread_mutex_t expire_threads_mutex;pthread_cond_t expire_threads_cond;
static void *expire_thread_mn(void *arg);static void expire_start_threads(void);
static void expire_stop_threads(void);static void scan_database(int dbid, long long now, unsigned long long *cnt);
static void expire_log_stats(unsigned long long count, long long duration, unsigned long long cycle_id);
/* Start the background expire threads */void expire_start_threads() {
for (int i = 0; i expire_ctxs[i].dbid = i;
expire_ctxs[i].yield_sec = 0; expire_ctxs[i].yield_usec = 0;
expire_ctxs[i].sync_io_count = 0; expire_ctxs[i].samples = 0;
expire_ctxs[i].expired = 0; expire_ctxs[i].evicted = 0;
expire_ctxs[i].keys_examined = 0; expire_ctxs[i].keys_yielded = 0;
if (pthread_create(&expire_threads[i], NULL, expire_thread_mn, &expire_ctxs[i])) { serverLog(LL_WARNING, "Unable to start expire thread: %s", strerror(errno));
exit(1); }
} expire_threads_cancelled = 0;
}
/* Stop the background expire threads */void expire_stop_threads() {
expire_threads_cancelled = 1; pthread_cond_broadcast(&expire_threads_cond);
for (int i = 0; i pthread_join(expire_threads[i], NULL);
}}
/* Mn loop for the background expire thread */static void *expire_thread_mn(void *arg) {
expire_ctx *ctx = (expire_ctx *) arg; while (!expire_threads_cancelled) {
unsigned long long cnt = 0; scan_database(ctx->dbid, ctx->now, &cnt);
expire_ctxs[ctx->dbid].keys_yielded += cnt; pthread_mutex_lock(&expire_threads_mutex);
expire_cycle_id++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&expire_threads_mutex);
usleep(SCAN_CYCLE_USEC_DEFAULT); }
return NULL;}
/* Scan the given database for expired keys */static void scan_database(int dbid, long long now, unsigned long long *cnt) {
dict *dict = server.db[dbid].dict; dictEntry *de = dictGetRandomKey(dict);
dictEntry *prev_de = NULL; *cnt = 0;
while (de != NULL) { robj *key = (robj *) dictGetKey(de);
long long expires = getExpire(dbid, key); if (expires != -1 && expires
volatile unsigned long long current_progress_id = expire_operation_id; if (server.debug_mode) {
printf("removing expired key %s\n", key->ptr); }
if (prev_de == NULL) { dict->table[dict->ht[0].sizemask & de->hash] = de->next;
} else { prev_de->next = de->next;
} dictFreeVal(dict, de);
dictFreeKey(dict, key); dictFreeKey(dict, de);
dictSize(dict)--; *cnt += 1;
if (expire_operation_id == current_progress_id) { expire_operation_id++;
} } else {
prev_de = de; }
de = dictGetNext(dict, de); expire_ctxs[dbid].keys_examined++;
}}
/* Log statistics for the previous scan cycle */static void expire_log_stats(unsigned long long count, long long duration, unsigned long long cycle_id) {
unsigned long long total_expired = 0; unsigned long long total_evicted = 0;
unsigned long long total_examined = 0; unsigned long long total_yielded = 0;
for (int i = 0; i expire_ctx *ctx = &expire_ctxs[i];
total_expired += ctx->expired; total_evicted += ctx->evicted;
total_examined += ctx->keys_examined; total_yielded += ctx->keys_yielded;
} double throughput = total_expired / ((double) duration / 1000.0);
double efficiency = (double) total_yielded / (double) total_examined; serverLog(LL_VERBOSE, "Expire cycle %llu: %llu keys expired, %llu keys evicted, %llu keys examined, %llu keys yielded (yield avg %llu.%llu usec), efficiency %.2f, throughput %.2f", cycle_id, total_expired, total_evicted, total_examined, total_yielded, total_yielded ? expire_ctxs[0].yield_usec / total_yielded : 0, total_yielded ? (expire_ctxs[0].yield_usec % total_yielded) * 100 / total_yielded : 0, efficiency, throughput);
}
在上面的代码中,我们定义了如下几个数据结构和函数:
expire_ctx:表示一个线程上下文,包括了该线程要扫描的数据库编号和一些统计信息。
expire_threads:定义一个线程ID数组,存储所有扫描线程的ID号。
expire_start_threads和expire_stop_threads:负责启动和停止所有扫描线程。在调用这两个函数之前,需要先调用RedisServer的initServerConfig函数,该函数会初始化server.maxmemory_instances变量,表示最大内存实例数量。
expire_thread_mn:表示每个扫描线程要执行的操作。其中,核心部分是通过调用scan_database函数扫描数据库,并更新expire_ctxs上下文。
scan_database:扫描指定数据库的所有键,并删除过期的键。
expire_log_stats:负责记录并打印扫描过程中的统计信息。
在多线程实现过程中,需要注意以下几个问题:
1)每个线程都需要单独维护一个expire_ctxs上下文,以避免多个线程之间出现数据竞争问题。
2)多线程实现过程中需要考虑锁的问题,以避免多个线
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