SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ实现延迟队列的示例详解

2023-05-16 14:05:12 示例 队列 延迟

如何保证消息不丢失

rabbitMQ消息投递路径

生产者->交换机->队列->消费者

总的来说分为三个阶段。

  • 1.生产者保证消息投递可靠性。
  • 2.mq内部消息不丢失。
  • 3.消费者消费成功。

什么是消息投递可靠性

简单点说就是消息百分百发送到消息队列中。

我们可以开启confirmCallback

生产者投递消息后,mq会给生产者一个ack.根据ack,生产者就可以确认这条消息是否发送到mq.

开启confirmCallback

修改配置文件

#NONE:禁用发布确认模式,是默认值,CORRELATED:发布消息成功到交换器后会触发回调方法
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    publisher-confirm-type: correlated

测试代码

@Test  
public void testConfirmCallback() throws InterruptedException {  
    rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {  
      
    @Override  
    public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {  
        System.out.println("confirm=====>");  
        System.out.println("confirm==== ack="+ack);  
        System.out.println("confirm==== cause="+cause);  
        //根据ACK状态做对应的消息更新操作 TODO  
    }  
    });  
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME,"ikun.mei", "鸡你太美");  
    Thread.sleep(10000);  
}

通过returnCallback保证消息从交换器发送到队列成功。 修改配置文件

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    #开启returnCallback
    publisher-returns: true
    #交换机处理消息到路由失败,则会返回给生产者
    template:
      mandatory: true

测试代码

@Test  
void testReturnCallback() {  
    //为true,则交换机处理消息到路由失败,则会返回给生产者 配置文件指定,则这里不需指定  
    rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);  
    //开启强制消息投递(mandatory为设置为true),但消息未被路由至任何一个queue,则回退一条消息  
    rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(returned -> {  
        int code = returned.getReplyCode();  
        System.out.println("code="+code);  
        System.out.println("returned="+ returned);  
    });  
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME,"123456","测试returnCallback");  
}

消费者消费消息时需要通过ack手动确认消息已消费。

修改配置文件

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    listener:  
      simple:  
        acknowledge-mode: manual

编写测试代码

@RabbitHandler  
public void consumer(String body, Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {  
    long msgTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();  
    System.out.println("msgTag="+msgTag);  
    System.out.println("message="+ message);  
    System.out.println("body="+body);  

    //成功确认,使用此回执方法后,消息会被 rabbitmq broker 删除  
    channel.basicAck(msgTag,false);  
    // channel.basicNack(msgTag,false,true);  
  
}

deliveryTags是消息投递序号,每次消费消息或者消息重新投递后,deliveryTag都会增加

ttl死信队列

什么是死信队列

没有被及时消费的消息存放的队列

消息有哪几种情况成为死信

  • 消费者拒收消息 (basic.reject/ basic.nack) ,并且没有重新入队 requeue=false
  • 消息在队列中未被消费,且超过队列或者消息本身的过期时间TTL(time-to-live)
  • 队列的消息长度达到极限
  • 结果:消息成为死信后,如果该队列绑定了死信交换机,则消息会被死信交换机重新路由到死信队列

死信队列经常用来做延迟队列消费。

延迟队列

生产者投递到mq中并不希望这条消息立马被消费,而是等待一段时间后再去消费。

springboot整合rabbitmq实现订单超时自动关闭

package com.fandf.test.rabbit;  
  
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;  
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;  
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;  
  
import java.util.HashMap;  
import java.util.Map;  
  
  
@Configuration  
public class RabbitMQConfig {  
  
      
    public static final String ORDER_EXCHANGE = "order_exchange";  
      
    public static final String ORDER_QUEUE = "order_queue";  
      
    public static final String ORDER_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY = "order.#";  

      
    public static final String ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE = "order_dead_letter_exchange";  
      
    public static final String ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY = "order_dead_letter_queue_routing_key";  

      
    public static final String ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE = "order_dead_letter_queue";  


      
    @Bean("orderDeadLetterExchange")  
    public Exchange orderDeadLetterExchange() {  
        return new TopicExchange(ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE, true, false);  
    }  

      
    @Bean("orderDeadLetterQueue")  
    public Queue orderDeadLetterQueue() {  
        return QueueBuilder.durable(ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE).build();  
    }  

      
    @Bean("orderDeadLetterBinding")  
    public Binding orderDeadLetterBinding(@Qualifier("orderDeadLetterQueue") Queue queue, @Qualifier("orderDeadLetterExchange")Exchange exchange) {  
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();  
    }  


      
    @Bean("orderExchange")  
    public Exchange orderExchange() {  
        return new TopicExchange(ORDER_EXCHANGE, true, false);  
    }  

      
    @Bean("orderQueue")  
    public Queue orderQueue() {  
        Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(3);  
        //消息过期后,进入到死信交换机  
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);  

        //消息过期后,进入到死信交换机的路由key  
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY);  

        //过期时间,单位毫秒  
        args.put("x-message-ttl", 10000);  

        return QueueBuilder.durable(ORDER_QUEUE).withArguments(args).build();  
    }  

      
    @Bean("orderBinding")  
    public Binding orderBinding(@Qualifier("orderQueue") Queue queue, @Qualifier("orderExchange")Exchange exchange) {  
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(ORDER_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();  
    }  
  
  
}

消费者

package com.fandf.test.rabbit;  
  
import cn.hutool.core.date.DateUtil;  
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;  
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;  
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;  
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;  
  
import java.io.IOException;  
  
  
@Component  
@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMQConfig.ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE)  
public class OrderMQListener {  
  
  
  
    @RabbitHandler  
    public void consumer(String body, Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {  
        System.out.println("收到消息:" + DateUtil.now());  
        long msgTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();  
        System.out.println("msgTag=" + msgTag);  
        System.out.println("message=" + message);  
        System.out.println("body=" + body);  
        channel.basicAck(msgTag, false);  
    }  
  
}

测试类

@Test  
void testOrder() throws InterruptedException {  
//为true,则交换机处理消息到路由失败,则会返回给生产者 配置文件指定,则这里不需指定  
    rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);  
    //开启强制消息投递(mandatory为设置为true),但消息未被路由至任何一个queue,则回退一条消息  
    rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(returned -> {  
    int code = returned.getReplyCode();  
    System.out.println("code=" + code);  
    System.out.println("returned=" + returned);  
    });  
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ORDER_EXCHANGE, "order", "测试订单延迟");  
    System.out.println("发送消息:" + DateUtil.now());  
    Thread.sleep(20000);  
}

程序输出

发送消息:2023-04-16 15:14:34
收到消息:2023-04-16 15:14:44
msgTag=1
message=(Body:'测试订单延迟' MessageProperties [headers={spring_listener_return_correlation=03169cfc-5061-41fe-be47-c98e36d17eac, x-first-death-exchange=order_exchange, x-death=[{reason=expired, count=1, exchange=order_exchange, time=Mon Apr 16 15:14:44 CST 2023, routing-keys=[order], queue=order_queue}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=order_queue}, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=order_dead_letter_exchange, receivedRoutingKey=order_dead_letter_queue_routing_key, deliveryTag=1, consumerTag=amq.ctag-Eh8GMgrsrAH1rvtGj7ykOQ, consumerQueue=order_dead_letter_queue])
body=测试订单延迟

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