SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ实现延迟队列的示例详解
如何保证消息不丢失
rabbitMQ消息投递路径
生产者->交换机->队列->消费者
总的来说分为三个阶段。
- 1.生产者保证消息投递可靠性。
- 2.mq内部消息不丢失。
- 3.消费者消费成功。
什么是消息投递可靠性
简单点说就是消息百分百发送到消息队列中。
我们可以开启confirmCallback
生产者投递消息后,mq会给生产者一个ack.根据ack,生产者就可以确认这条消息是否发送到mq.
开启confirmCallback
修改配置文件
#NONE:禁用发布确认模式,是默认值,CORRELATED:发布消息成功到交换器后会触发回调方法
spring:
rabbitmq:
publisher-confirm-type: correlated
测试代码
@Test
public void testConfirmCallback() throws InterruptedException {
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
System.out.println("confirm=====>");
System.out.println("confirm==== ack="+ack);
System.out.println("confirm==== cause="+cause);
//根据ACK状态做对应的消息更新操作 TODO
}
});
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME,"ikun.mei", "鸡你太美");
Thread.sleep(10000);
}
通过returnCallback保证消息从交换器发送到队列成功。 修改配置文件
spring:
rabbitmq:
#开启returnCallback
publisher-returns: true
#交换机处理消息到路由失败,则会返回给生产者
template:
mandatory: true
测试代码
@Test
void testReturnCallback() {
//为true,则交换机处理消息到路由失败,则会返回给生产者 配置文件指定,则这里不需指定
rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
//开启强制消息投递(mandatory为设置为true),但消息未被路由至任何一个queue,则回退一条消息
rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(returned -> {
int code = returned.getReplyCode();
System.out.println("code="+code);
System.out.println("returned="+ returned);
});
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME,"123456","测试returnCallback");
}
消费者消费消息时需要通过ack手动确认消息已消费。
修改配置文件
spring:
rabbitmq:
listener:
simple:
acknowledge-mode: manual
编写测试代码
@RabbitHandler
public void consumer(String body, Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
long msgTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
System.out.println("msgTag="+msgTag);
System.out.println("message="+ message);
System.out.println("body="+body);
//成功确认,使用此回执方法后,消息会被 rabbitmq broker 删除
channel.basicAck(msgTag,false);
// channel.basicNack(msgTag,false,true);
}
deliveryTags是消息投递序号,每次消费消息或者消息重新投递后,deliveryTag都会增加
ttl死信队列
什么是死信队列
没有被及时消费的消息存放的队列
消息有哪几种情况成为死信
- 消费者拒收消息 (basic.reject/ basic.nack) ,并且没有重新入队 requeue=false
- 消息在队列中未被消费,且超过队列或者消息本身的过期时间TTL(time-to-live)
- 队列的消息长度达到极限
- 结果:消息成为死信后,如果该队列绑定了死信交换机,则消息会被死信交换机重新路由到死信队列
死信队列经常用来做延迟队列消费。
延迟队列
生产者投递到mq中并不希望这条消息立马被消费,而是等待一段时间后再去消费。
springboot整合rabbitmq实现订单超时自动关闭
package com.fandf.test.rabbit;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
public static final String ORDER_EXCHANGE = "order_exchange";
public static final String ORDER_QUEUE = "order_queue";
public static final String ORDER_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY = "order.#";
public static final String ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE = "order_dead_letter_exchange";
public static final String ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY = "order_dead_letter_queue_routing_key";
public static final String ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE = "order_dead_letter_queue";
@Bean("orderDeadLetterExchange")
public Exchange orderDeadLetterExchange() {
return new TopicExchange(ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE, true, false);
}
@Bean("orderDeadLetterQueue")
public Queue orderDeadLetterQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable(ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE).build();
}
@Bean("orderDeadLetterBinding")
public Binding orderDeadLetterBinding(@Qualifier("orderDeadLetterQueue") Queue queue, @Qualifier("orderDeadLetterExchange")Exchange exchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();
}
@Bean("orderExchange")
public Exchange orderExchange() {
return new TopicExchange(ORDER_EXCHANGE, true, false);
}
@Bean("orderQueue")
public Queue orderQueue() {
Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(3);
//消息过期后,进入到死信交换机
args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
//消息过期后,进入到死信交换机的路由key
args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY);
//过期时间,单位毫秒
args.put("x-message-ttl", 10000);
return QueueBuilder.durable(ORDER_QUEUE).withArguments(args).build();
}
@Bean("orderBinding")
public Binding orderBinding(@Qualifier("orderQueue") Queue queue, @Qualifier("orderExchange")Exchange exchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(ORDER_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();
}
}
消费者
package com.fandf.test.rabbit;
import cn.hutool.core.date.DateUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMQConfig.ORDER_DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE)
public class OrderMQListener {
@RabbitHandler
public void consumer(String body, Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
System.out.println("收到消息:" + DateUtil.now());
long msgTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
System.out.println("msgTag=" + msgTag);
System.out.println("message=" + message);
System.out.println("body=" + body);
channel.basicAck(msgTag, false);
}
}
测试类
@Test
void testOrder() throws InterruptedException {
//为true,则交换机处理消息到路由失败,则会返回给生产者 配置文件指定,则这里不需指定
rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
//开启强制消息投递(mandatory为设置为true),但消息未被路由至任何一个queue,则回退一条消息
rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(returned -> {
int code = returned.getReplyCode();
System.out.println("code=" + code);
System.out.println("returned=" + returned);
});
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ORDER_EXCHANGE, "order", "测试订单延迟");
System.out.println("发送消息:" + DateUtil.now());
Thread.sleep(20000);
}
程序输出
发送消息:2023-04-16 15:14:34
收到消息:2023-04-16 15:14:44
msgTag=1
message=(Body:'测试订单延迟' MessageProperties [headers={spring_listener_return_correlation=03169cfc-5061-41fe-be47-c98e36d17eac, x-first-death-exchange=order_exchange, x-death=[{reason=expired, count=1, exchange=order_exchange, time=Mon Apr 16 15:14:44 CST 2023, routing-keys=[order], queue=order_queue}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=order_queue}, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=order_dead_letter_exchange, receivedRoutingKey=order_dead_letter_queue_routing_key, deliveryTag=1, consumerTag=amq.ctag-Eh8GMgrsrAH1rvtGj7ykOQ, consumerQueue=order_dead_letter_queue])
body=测试订单延迟
到此这篇关于SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ实现延迟队列的示例详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关SpringBoot RabbitMQ延迟队列内容请搜索以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持!
相关文章