jdk线程池的实现

2023-05-14 11:05:11 线程 jdk

jdk线程池ThreadPoolExecutor的7个参数

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ?
                null :
                AccessController.getContext();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

corePoolSize

核心线程个数 ,int类型

maximunPoolSize

最大线程数 ,int类型

keepAliveTime存活时间

传long类型的值,

当线程池中的线程数大于corePoolSize核心线程个数,且线程是闲置状态,则这些空闲线程的最大存活时间是KeepAliveTime

TimeUnit

存活时间的单位, 有时/分/秒/毫秒等可选配置

workQueue

存放待执行任务的阻塞队列, 可传入

arrayBlockingQueue 基于数组的有界阻塞队列;

linkedBlockingQueue基于链表的无界阻塞队列;

synchronousQueue最多只有1个元素的同步队列, 队列容量是1;

priorityBlockingQueue带优先级的无界阻塞队列,出队元素是优先级最高或最低的元素;

DelayQueue 带延迟功能的无界阻塞队列, 过期元素才会出队,队头元素是快要过期的元素.

以上几个Queue都是BlockingQueue的实现类

threadFactory

创建线程的工厂,

jdk提供了DefaultThreadFactory默认工厂,

用Executors.defaultThreadFactory()就行.

RejectedExecutionHandler拒绝策略

当队列满且线程数达到maximunPoolSize最大线程数后采取的策略, 可传入

AbortPolicy 抛出异常,这个是默认策略.

CallersRunPolicy 由调用者所在的线程执行任务

DiscardOldestPolicy 丢弃最老的任务

DiscardPolicy 丢弃新任务,不抛出异常

jdk提供的Executors快速创建线程池的用法

jdk封装了一个Executors类可以直接创建各种线程池,

用法形如

ExecutorService pool = Executors.newXXXXXPool()

可以用Executors类创建业务常用的3种线程池

固定线程池

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
    }

创建一个核心线程数和最大线程数相同的线程池,都为nThreads,

且线程池的阻塞队列长度是Integer.MAX_VALUE,

且keepAliveTime=0,说明只要线程个数比核心线程个数多并且当前空闲则回收.

单线程线程池

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
    }

创建一个核心线程数和最大线程数都是1的线程池,

且线程池的阻塞队列长度是Integer.MAX_VALUE,

且keepAliveTime=0,说明只要线程个数比核心线程个数多并且当前空闲则回收.

已缓存的线程池

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
    }

创建一个按需创建线程的线程池,初始线程个数为0,最多线程个数为

Integer.MAX_VALUE,并且阻塞队列为同步队列.

keepAliveTime=60,说明当前线程在60s内空闲则回收.

CachedThreadPool的特殊之处在于,加入同步队列的任务会被马上执行,同步队列里边最多只有1个任务.

使用创建好的ExecutorService 线程池执行异步任务

submit操作

提交一个任务, 任务参数可以是 Runnable实现类或 Callable 实现类.

返回的类型是Future 表示异步计算的结果, 可以用future.get()方法拿到数据.

shutdown操作

调用shutdown方法后,线程池就不会再接受新的任务了,但是工作队列里边的任务还是要执行的, 该方法会立刻返回,不等待队列任务完成再返回.

使用线程池的情况下当程序结束时记得调用shutdown关闭线程池, 如果不关闭线程池,则会导致线程池资源一直不被释放.

shutdownNow操作

调用shutdownNow方法后,线程池就不会再接受新的任务了,并且会丢弃工作队列里边的任务,正在执行的任务会被中断,该方法会立刻返回,并不等待激活的任务执行完成. 返回值为这时候队列里面被丢弃的任务列表.

awaitTermination操作

当线程调用awaitTermination方法后,当前线程会被阻塞, 直到线程池状态变为TERMINATED 才返回,或者等待时间超时才返回.

案例1-测试FixedThreadPool执行CallableTask任务

package cn.demo;

import cn.hutool.core.util.RandomUtil;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class ExecutorTestsForCallableTask {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        String res1 = "";
        String res2 = "";
        String res3 = "";
        String res4 = "";

        ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //submit 提交4个任务, 实际执行时,任务是并发执行的,执行顺序不固定
        Future<String> submit1 = fixedThreadPool.submit(
                new TestCallableTask(RandomUtil.randomInt(30,1000),"t1"));
        Future<String> submit2 = fixedThreadPool.submit(
                new TestCallableTask(RandomUtil.randomInt(100,400),"t2"));
        Future<String> submit3 = fixedThreadPool.submit(
                new TestCallableTask(RandomUtil.randomInt(30,350),"t3"));
        Future<String> submit4 = fixedThreadPool.submit(
                new TestCallableTask(RandomUtil.randomInt(310,500),"t4"));

        res1 = submit1.get();
        System.out.println(res1);
        res2 = submit2.get();
        System.out.println(res2);
        res3 = submit3.get();
        System.out.println(res3);
        res4 = submit4.get();
        System.out.println(res4);

        fixedThreadPool.shutdown();
    }
}

package cn.demo;


import cn.hutool.core.util.RandomUtil;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

public class TestCallableTask implements Callable<String> {

    private int testIntVal;
    private String taskSeq;

    public TestCallableTask(int testIntVal, String taskSeq) {
        this.testIntVal = testIntVal;
        this.taskSeq = taskSeq;
    }

    @Override
    public  String call() throws Exception {
        String s = LocalDateTime.now().toString();
        System.out.println(s+"->"+taskSeq+" run ....");

        int i = testIntVal;
        System.out.println(i);

        try {
            Thread.sleep(RandomUtil.randomInt(100,300));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        if (i>300){
            return "300more";
        }else {
            return "300less";
        }
    }
}

案例2-测试FixedThreadPool执行RunnableTask任务

package cn.demo;

import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class ExecutorTestsForRunnableTask {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

        String res1 = "";
        String res2 = "";
        String res3 = "";
        String res4 = "";
        ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //submit 提交4个任务, 实际执行时,任务是并发执行的,执行顺序不固定
        Task1Param task1Param = new Task1Param();
        task1Param.setUrl("f23r3r");
        task1Param.setName("1heg43t34t34t");
        Future<String> stringFuture = fixedThreadPool.submit(
            new TestTask1Runnable(task1Param), "success1 ok");

        Task1Param t2 = new Task1Param();
        t2.setUrl("gnsg2323");
        t2.setName("2wwswer2r1asdaaws");
        Future<String> f2 = fixedThreadPool.submit(new TestTask1Runnable(t2), "success2 ok");

        Task1Param t3 = new Task1Param();
        t3.setUrl("thwasr23r");
        t3.setName("3erzawfe23rawsf");
        Future<String> f3 = fixedThreadPool.submit(new TestTask1Runnable(t3), "success3 ok");

        Task1Param t4 = new Task1Param();
        t4.setUrl("mjkdsragt");
        t4.setName("4tbertydraewrsfk");
        Future<String> f4 = fixedThreadPool.submit(new TestTask1Runnable(t4), "success4 ok");


        res1 = stringFuture.get();
        System.out.println(res1);
        res2 = f2.get();
        System.out.println(res2);
        res3 = f3.get();
        System.out.println(res3);
        res4 = f4.get();
        System.out.println(res4);

        fixedThreadPool.shutdown();
    }
}

package cn.demo;

import cn.hutool.core.util.RandomUtil;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

public class TestTask1Runnable implements Runnable{

    private Task1Param task1Param;

    public TestTask1Runnable(Task1Param task1Param) {
        this.task1Param = task1Param;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(RandomUtil.randomInt(200,600));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(task1Param.getName());
        System.out.println(task1Param.getUrl());
        String s = LocalDateTime.now().toString();
        System.out.println(s+" TestTask1Runnable run ....");
    }
}

使用自定义的ThreadPoolExecutor来执行异步任务

package cn.demo;


import cn.hutool.core.util.RandomUtil;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class TpeTest {

    private final static ThreadPoolExecutor pool =
            new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                    1,1,
                    1L, TimeUnit.MINUTES,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1),
                    new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        Future<String> submit1 = pool.submit(
                new TestCallableTask(RandomUtil.randomInt(30,1000),"t1"));
        Future<String> submit2 = pool.submit(
                new TestCallableTask(RandomUtil.randomInt(100,400),"t2"));
        Future<String> submit3 = pool.submit(
                new TestCallableTask(RandomUtil.randomInt(30,350),"t3"));
        Future<String> submit4 = pool.submit(
                new TestCallableTask(RandomUtil.randomInt(310,500),"t4"));
        System.out.println("task1-"+submit1.get());
        System.out.println("task2-"+submit2.get());
        System.out.println("task3-"+submit3.get());
        System.out.println("task4-"+submit4.get());

        pool.shutdown();
    }
}

线程池使用FutureTask时需要注意的事情

线程池使用FutureTask时,如果把拒绝策略设置为 DiscardPolicy 和 DiscardOldestPolicy,并且在被拒绝的任务的Future对象上调用了无参get方法,那么调用线程会一直被阻塞.

如上面的代码,如果把CallerRunsPolicy替换成 DiscardPolicy 或 DiscardOldestPolicy ,就会导致任务一直被阻塞,一直无法取到future.get()的值.

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