SpringBoot整合Redis实现高并发数据缓存的示例讲解

2023-03-13 14:03:00 示例 缓存 并发

什么是缓存

缓存是⼀个高速数据交换的存储器,使用它可以快速的访问和操作数据。

举个通俗的例子。

小明经营着一家饭店,在刚开张的时候由于名气不足,客源少,生意并不是很忙,平时没事的时候就闲着,有客人来了再进厨房安排做菜。随着饭店的日益发展,此时的饭店已经不同往日,有着大量的稳定客源,并且在某些节假日的时候甚至爆满。按照以前的做法,那肯定是行不通了,在用餐高峰期的时候因为备餐慢导致了客户的长时间等待,使得饭店的屡遭投诉。
为解决这一问题,小明想到了一个办法,可以在空闲的时候,提前将热门的菜做完后放入保温柜,等用餐高峰期时再拿出来加热后就可以直接上菜,就规避了短时间内大量客源而导致的备餐慢的问题,通过这一方法,即使在高峰期,也能很好的应对。

这就是缓存的本质,将热点资源(高频读、低频写)提前放入离用户最近、访问速度更快的地方,以提高访问速度。

为什么要用缓存

使用缓存后,效率会大大的提升,减少了不必要的资源消耗,提升了用户体验。

redis的特点:

  • redis支持数据的持久化,可以将内存中的数据保存在磁盘中,重启的时候可以再次加在进行使用。
  • redis不仅仅支持简单的key-value类型的数据,同时还提供list,set,zset,hash等数据结构的储存
  • redis支持数据的备份,即master-slave模式的数据备份

redis的优势:

  • 性能极高——redis能读得的速度是110000次/s,写的速度是81000次/s。
  • 丰富的数据类型——redis支持二进制案例的Strings, Lists, Hashes, Sets 及 Ordered Sets 数据类型操作。
  • 原子——redis的所有操作都是原子性的,意思就是要么成功执行要么失败完全不执行。单个操作是原子性的。多个操作也支持事务,即原子性,通过multi和exec指令包起来。
  • 丰富的特性redis还支持publish/subscribe,通知,key过期等等特性

Redis为什么这么快

(1)完全基于内存,数据存在内存中,绝大部分请求是纯粹的内存操作,非常快速,跟传统的磁盘文件数据存储相比,避免了通过磁盘io读取到内存这部分的开销。

(2)数据结构简单,对数据操作也简单。Redis中的数据结构是专门进行设计的,每种数据结构都有一种或多种数据结构来支持。Redis正是依赖这些灵活的数据结构,来提升读取和写入的性能。

(3)采用单线程,省去了很多上下文切换的时间以及CPU消耗,不存在竞争条件,不用去考虑各种的问题,不存在加锁释放锁操作,也不会出现死锁而导致的性能消耗。

(4)使用基于IO多路复用机制的线程模型,可以处理并发的链接。

实现一个用户信息的缓存

数据库表结构:

CREATE TABLE `blade_user` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '主键',
  `tenant_id` varchar(12) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT '000000' COMMENT '租户ID',
  `code` varchar(12) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户编号',
  `user_type` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户平台',
  `account` varchar(45) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '账号',
  `passWord` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',
  `name` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '昵称',
  `real_name` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '真名',
  `avatar` varchar(500) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '头像',
  `email` varchar(45) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '邮箱',
  `phone` varchar(45) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '手机',
  `birthday` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '生日',
  `sex` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',
  `role_id` varchar(1000) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色id',
  `dept_id` varchar(1000) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '部门id',
  `post_id` varchar(1000) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '岗位id',
  `create_user` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人',
  `create_dept` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建部门',
  `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  `update_user` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改人',
  `update_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改时间',
  `status` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '状态',
  `is_deleted` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否已删除',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC COMMENT='用户表';

方式一:利用RedisTemplate实现 导入依赖

完整pom.xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="Http://Maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.8</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.redis.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot-redis</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot-redis</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-WEB</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--mybatis-plus的springboot支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--Mysql驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.15</version>
        </dependency>

       <!-- hutool 工具包,各种封装功能 一应俱全-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastJSON</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.41</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>


添加配置

application.yml文件:

server:
  port: 8081

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://3.129.36.183:3306/test?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
    username: root
    password: root
  #redis
  redis:
    host: 3.129.36.183
    #Redis服务器连接端口
    port: 6379
    #Redis服务器连接密码
    password: 123456

mybatis-plus:
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl #开启sql日志
    # 将带有下划线的表字段映射为驼峰格式的实体类属性
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
  #配置类型别名所对应的包
  type-aliases-package: com.redis.demo.entity
  #配置SQL输出语句com.winsun.dataclean.mapper
  mapper-locations: com/redis/demo/dao
@Component
public class RedisUtils {


    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    // =============================common============================

    
    public boolean expire(String key, long time) {
        try {
            if (time > 0) {
                redisTemplate.expire(key, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            }
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public long getExpire(String key) {
        return redisTemplate.getExpire(key, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    
    public boolean hasKey(String key) {
        try {
            return redisTemplate.hasKey(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void del(String... key) {
        if (key != null && key.length > 0) {
            if (key.length == 1) {
                redisTemplate.delete(key[0]);
            } else {
                redisTemplate.delete(CollectionUtils.arrayToList(key));
            }
        }
    }

    // ============================String=============================

    
    public Object get(String key) {
        return key == null ? null : redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
    }

    
    public boolean set(String key, Object value) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public boolean set(String key, Object value, long time) {
        try {
            if (time > 0) {
                redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            } else {
                set(key, value);
            }
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public long incr(String key, long delta) {
        if (delta < 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("递增因子必须大于0");
        }
        return redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key, delta);
    }

    
    public long decr(String key, long delta) {
        if (delta < 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("递减因子必须大于0");
        }
        return redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key, -delta);
    }

    // ================================Map=================================

    
    public Object hget(String key, String item) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(key, item);
    }

    
    public Map<Object, Object> hmget(String key) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries(key);
    }

    
    public boolean hmset(String key, Map<String, Object> map) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(key, map);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public boolean hmset(String key, Map<String, Object> map, long time) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(key, map);
            if (time > 0) {
                expire(key, time);
            }
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public boolean hset(String key, String item, Object value) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, item, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public boolean hset(String key, String item, Object value, long time) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, item, value);
            if (time > 0) {
                expire(key, time);
            }
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public void hdel(String key, Object... item) {
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(key, item);
    }

    
    public boolean hHasKey(String key, String item) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().hasKey(key, item);
    }

    
    public double hincr(String key, String item, double by) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(key, item, by);
    }

    
    public double hdecr(String key, String item, double by) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(key, item, -by);
    }

    // ============================set=============================

    
    public Set<Object> sGet(String key) {
        try {
            return redisTemplate.opsForSet().members(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    
    public boolean sHasKey(String key, Object value) {
        try {
            return redisTemplate.opsForSet().isMember(key, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public long sSet(String key, Object... values) {
        try {
            return redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(key, values);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return 0;
        }
    }

    
    public long sSetAndTime(String key, long time, Object... values) {
        try {
            Long count = redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(key, values);
            if (time > 0)
                expire(key, time);
            return count;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return 0;
        }
    }

    
    public long sGetSetSize(String key) {
        try {
            return redisTemplate.opsForSet().size(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return 0;
        }
    }

    
    public long setRemove(String key, Object... values) {
        try {
            Long count = redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove(key, values);
            return count;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return 0;
        }
    }

    // ===============================list=================================

    
    public List<Object> lGet(String key, long start, long end) {
        try {
            return redisTemplate.opsForList().range(key, start, end);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    
    public long lGetListSize(String key) {
        try {
            return redisTemplate.opsForList().size(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return 0;
        }
    }

    
    public Object lGetIndex(String key, long index) {
        try {
            return redisTemplate.opsForList().index(key, index);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    
    public boolean lSet(String key, Object value) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(key, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public boolean lSet(String key, Object value, long time) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(key, value);
            if (time > 0)
                expire(key, time);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public boolean lSet(String key, List<Object> value) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPushAll(key, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public boolean lSet(String key, List<Object> value, long time) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPushAll(key, value);
            if (time > 0)
                expire(key, time);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public boolean lUpdateIndex(String key, long index, Object value) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForList().set(key, index, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    
    public long lRemove(String key, long count, Object value) {
        try {
            Long remove = redisTemplate.opsForList().remove(key, count, value);
            return remove;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return 0;
        }
    }
}

RedisConfig:

package com.redis.demo.config;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.jsonAutoDetect;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.redis.demo.utils.MapUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.interceptor.KeyGenerator;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.Map;


@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {


    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        initRedisTemplate();
    }

    private void initRedisTemplate() {
        RedisSerializer stringSerializer = redisTemplate.getStringSerializer();
        redisTemplate.seTKEySerializer(stringSerializer);
        redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(stringSerializer);
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(stringSerializer);
        redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(stringSerializer);
    }
}

开发mapper接口

package com.redis.demo.dao;


import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.redis.demo.entity.BladeUser;


public interface BladeUserMapper extends BaseMapper<BladeUser> {

}

service层

IBladeUserService:

package com.redis.demo.service;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
import com.redis.demo.entity.BladeUser;
import com.redis.demo.result.DealResult;


public interface IBladeUserService extends IService<BladeUser> {



    DealResult getById(Long id);
}

BladeUserServiceImpl:

package com.redis.demo.service.impl;

import cn.hutool.core.bean.BeanUtil;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.redis.demo.constant.RedisConstants;
import com.redis.demo.dao.BladeUserMapper;
import com.redis.demo.entity.BladeUser;
import com.redis.demo.result.DealResult;
import com.redis.demo.service.IBladeUserService;
import com.redis.demo.status.CacheNameStatus;
import com.redis.demo.utils.RedisUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;


@Service
public class BladeUserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<BladeUserMapper, BladeUser> implements IBladeUserService {


    @Autowired
    private  RedisUtils redisUtils;

    @Override
    public DealResult getById(Long id) {

        String userKey = RedisConstants.CACHE_USER_KEY+id;
        Object user = redisUtils.get(userKey);
        if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(user)){

            return DealResult.data(JSONUtil.toBean(JSONUtil.toJsonStr(user),BladeUser.class));
        }

        BladeUser bladeUser = baseMapper.selectById(id);
        redisUtils.set(userKey, JSON.toJSONString(bladeUser));
        return DealResult.data(bladeUser);
    }

}


controller层

package com.redis.demo.controller;
import com.redis.demo.result.DealResult;
import com.redis.demo.service.IBladeUserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


@RestController
@RequestMapping("/bladeUser")
public class BladeUserController {

    @Autowired
    private IBladeUserService bladeUserService;

    @RequestMapping("getById/{id}")
    public DealResult getById(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
        return bladeUserService.getById(id);
    }

}

测试

启动项目,使用postman访问该接口,连续请求两次,观察响应时长:

第一次:

第二次:

可以看到,第一次3.34s,第二次43ms,效率明显提高!

方式二:采用SpringBoot注解开启缓存

以方式一为准

在启动类添加@EnableCaching注解

修改service层实现类代码

package com.redis.demo.service.impl;

import cn.hutool.core.bean.BeanUtil;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.redis.demo.constant.RedisConstants;
import com.redis.demo.dao.BladeUserMapper;
import com.redis.demo.entity.BladeUser;
import com.redis.demo.result.DealResult;
import com.redis.demo.service.IBladeUserService;
import com.redis.demo.status.CacheNameStatus;
import com.redis.demo.utils.RedisUtils;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;


@Service
public class BladeUserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<BladeUserMapper, BladeUser> implements IBladeUserService {
    @Autowired
    private  RedisUtils redisUtils;

//    @Override
//    public DealResult getById(Long id) {
//
//        String userKey = RedisConstants.CACHE_USER_KEY+id;
//        Object user = redisUtils.get(userKey);
//        if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(user)){
//
//            return DealResult.data(JSONUtil.toBean(JSONUtil.toJsonStr(user),BladeUser.class));
//        }
//
//        BladeUser bladeUser = baseMapper.selectById(id);
//        redisUtils.set(userKey, JSON.toJSONString(bladeUser));
//        return DealResult.data(bladeUser);
//    }

    @Cacheable(cacheNames = CacheNameStatus.BLADE_USER,keyGenerator = CacheNameStatus.KEY_GENERATOR)
    @Override
    public DealResult getById(Long id) {
        BladeUser bladeUser = baseMapper.selectById(id);
        return DealResult.data(bladeUser);
    }
}

修改RedisConfig配置类

在配置类中添加自定义KeyGenerator

  
    @Bean
    public KeyGenerator simpleKeyGenerator() {
        return (o, method, objects) -> {
            StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
            stringBuilder.append(o.getClass().getSimpleName());
            stringBuilder.append(".");
            stringBuilder.append(method.getName());
            stringBuilder.append("[");
            for (Object obj : objects) {
                if(obj.toString().indexOf("Vo@")!= -1)
                {
                    Map<String, Object> map = MapUtil.getAttrFromModel(obj);
                    stringBuilder.append("[");
                    for(String item:map.keySet())
                    {
                        stringBuilder.append(",");
                        stringBuilder.append(map.get(item));
                    }

                    stringBuilder.append(",");
                    stringBuilder.deleteCharAt(stringBuilder.length() - 1);

                    stringBuilder.append("]");

                }
                else {
                    stringBuilder.append(obj);
                    stringBuilder.append(",");
                }

            }

            stringBuilder.append("]");
            return stringBuilder.toString();
        };
    }

:关于 @Cacheable注解的参数,不懂的可以点击查看。

重启项目,再次访问以上接口,观察响应时间:

第一次:

第二次:

可以看到,第一次2.52s,第二次44ms,效率明显提高!

通过Redis可视化工具观察缓存数据:

通过观察缓存数据大小可知:方式一449字节,方式二976字节,如果从内存占用大小的角度考虑,博主认为使用RedisTemplate方式做缓存更合适,因为这种方式所占内存相对较少。

以上就是该篇文章的所有内容,代码已上传至git:https://gitee.com/lianaozhe/springboot-redis.git

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