Python语句
>>> range(10) #表示一段范围,起始不写表示从0开始,结束不包含
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> range(1, 11)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> range(5, 11)
[5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> range(1, 11, 2) #起始写了表示从起始开始,后面的11不包含,2表示步长值
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> range(2, 11, 2)
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
>>> range(10, 0, -1)
[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
列表解析
>>> [10]
[10]
>>> [20 + 20]
[40]
>>> [10 + 10 for i in range(5)]
[20, 20, 20, 20, 20]
>>> [10 + i for i in range(5)]
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14]
>>> [10 + i for i in range(1, 11)]
[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
>>> [10 + i for i in range(1, 11) if i % 2 == 1]#把列表中的基数解析出来
[11, 13, 15, 17, 19]
>>> [10 + i for i in range(1, 11) if i % 2 == 0]#把列表中的偶数解析出来
[12, 14, 16, 18, 20]
>>> ['192.168.1.%s' % i for i in range(1, 5)]
['192.168.1.1', '192.168.1.2', '192.168.1.3', '192.168.1.4'] #ip地址表示方法
文件读取方法:
>>> f = open('/etc/passwd')
>>> data = f.read()
>>> f.close()
>>> data
>>> print data
>>> f = open('/etc/passwd') #常用for循环语句读取数据
>>> for line in f:
... print line,
>>> f = open('/tmp/hello.txt', 'w')
>>>
>>> f.write('hello the world')
>>> f.flush()
>>> f.write("\n")
>>> f.flush()
>>> f.write('33333333\n')
>>> f.flush()
>>> f.writelines(['aaa\n', '3rd line\n'])
>>> f.flush()
f1 = open('/bin/ls')
f2 = open('/root/ls', 'w')
data = f1.read()
f2.write(data)
f1.close()
f2.close()
md5sum /bin/ls /root/ls #产看两个文件的属性是否相同,用md5sum查看
def gen_fibs(l): #定义函数用def gen_fibs()
fibs = [0, 1]
for i in range(l-2):
fibs.append(fibs[-1] + fibs[-2])
return fibs
a = int(raw_input('length: '))
print gen_fibs(a) #调用函数
print gen_fibs(20)
try:
num = int(raw_input("number: "))
result = 100 / num
except ValueError:
print 'You must input a number'
except ZeroDivisionError:
print '0 is not allowed'
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
print '\nBye-bye'
else:
print result #出现异常才会打印
finally:
print 'Done' #不管出不出现异常最终都会输出Done
def set_age(name, age):
if not 0 < age < 150:
raise ValueError, 'age out of range' #相当于主动触发异常,用关键字raise,后面跟要引发的异常的名称
print '%s is %s years old' % (name, age)
def set_age2(name,age):
assert 0 < age < 150, 'age out of range' #断言异常的肯定，用关键字assert
print '%s is %s years old' % (name, age)
if __name__ == '__main__':
set_age('hanjie', 22)
set_age2('hanjie', 220)
>>> with open('/etc/passwd') as f:
... f.readline()
...
'root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\n'
正则表达式：%s/\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)$/\1:\2:\3:\4:\5:\6/
192.168.1.1 00000ac15658 #没有转换之前
192.168.1.2 5253000a1234
192.168.1.3 5356afc35695
192.168.1.1 00:00:0a:c1:56:58 #转化之后
192.168.1.2 52:53:00:0a:12:34
192.168.1.3 53:56:af:c3:56:95
查看用户日志：
import re
def count_patt(fname, patt):
result = {}
cpatt = re.compile(patt)
fobj = open(fname)
for line in fobj:
m = cpatt.search(line)
if m:
key = m.group()
if key not in result:
result[key] = 1
else:
result[key] += 1
fobj.close()
return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
fname = 'access_log'
ip_patt = '^(\d+\.){3}\d+'
br_patt = 'Firefox|MISE|Chrome'
print count_patt(fname, ip_patt)
print count_patt(fname, br_patt)
python中使用的快捷方式'tab'键
vim /usr/local/bin/tab.py
from rlcompleter import readline
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
vim ~/.bashrc
export PythonSTARTUP=/usr/local/bin/tab.py
source .bashrc
用Python编程创建用户：
import sys
import subprocess
import randpass
def adduser(username, fname):
passWord = randpass.gen_pass()
info = """user infORMation:
username: %s
password: %s"""
subprocess.call('useradd %s' % username, shell=True)
subprocess.call('echo %s | passwd --stdin %s' % (password, username), shell=True)
with open(fname, 'a') as fobj:
fobj.write(info % (username, password))
if __name__ == '__main__':
adduser(sys.argv[1], '/tmp/user.txt')
Python编程在以网段内有多少个主机是开着的：如下
import subprocess
import threading
def ping(host):
result = subprocess.call('ping -c2 %s &> /dev/null' % host, shell=True)
if result == 0:
print '%s: up' % host
else:
print '%s: down' % host
if __name__ == '__main__':
ips = ['176.130.8.%s' % i for i in range(1, 255)]
for ip in ips:
t = threading.Thread(target=ping, args=[ip]) #调用多线成模块
t.start()
多线程实现ssh并发访问：
import threading
import getpass
import paramiko
import sys
import os
def remote_comm(host, pwd, command):
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect(host, username= 'root', password= pwd)
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
out = stdout.read()
error = stderr.read()
if out:
print "[out] %s: \n%s" %(host, out),
if error:
print "[error] %s: \n%s" %(host, error),
ssh.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) != 3:
print "Usage: %s ipfile 'command'" % sys.argv[0]
sys.exit(1)
ipfile = sys.argv[1]
command = sys.argv[2]
if not os.path.isfile(ipfile):
print "No such file:", ipfile
sys.exit(2)
pwd = getpass.getpass("password:")
with open(ipfile) as fobj:
for line in fobj:
ip = line.strip()
t = threading.Thread(target=remote_comm, args=(ip, pwd, command))
t.start()
剪刀石头布当输入错误时会引发，一些错误提示
pwin = 0 #人赢的次数
cwin = 0 #电脑赢得次数
import random
all_choices = ['石头', '剪刀', '布']
win_list = [['石头', '剪刀'], ['剪刀', '布'], ['石头', '布']]
prompt = """(0)石头
(1)剪刀
(2)布
请选择(0/1/2):"""
while pwin < 2 and cwin < 2:
computer = random.choice(all_choices)
try:
ind = int(raw_input(prompt))
player = all_choices[ind]
except (ValueError, IndexError):
print 'Inavlid input. Try again'
continue
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
print '\nBye-bye'
break
print "Your choice: %s, Computer's choice: %s" %(player, computer)
if player == computer:
print '\033[32;1m平局\033[0m'
elif [player,computer] in win_list:
pwin += 1
print '\033[31;1m你赢了\033[0m'
else:
cwin += 1
print '\033[31;1m你输了\033[0m'
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