Java接口异步调用优化技巧详解

2023-05-19 08:05:33 调用 接口 详解

在日常项目中，我们经常采用多线程异步调用的方式来提高接口的响应时间。

在实际情况下，我们如何通过异步方式优化我们的接口呢，有以下几种常见思路

1，自己new线程或者线程池

如下我们把三个耗时操作交给新的线程或者线程池执行。

当请求过来的时候Tomcat线程会等待子线程全部执行完成，然后汇总结果进行返回。

 
    @GetMapping("getAllEGone")
    public Map<String, Object> getAllEgOne() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        FutureTask<String> stringFutureTaskOne = new FutureTask<>(asyncService::getOne);
        FutureTask<String> stringFutureTaskTwo = new FutureTask<>(asyncService::getTwo);
        FutureTask<String> stringFutureTaskThree = new FutureTask<>(asyncService::getThree);
        new Thread(stringFutureTaskOne).start();
        new Thread(stringFutureTaskTwo).start();
        new Thread(stringFutureTaskThree).start();
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("one", stringFutureTaskOne.get());
        result.put("two", stringFutureTaskTwo.get());
        result.put("three", stringFutureTaskThree.get());
        return result;
    }

2，Sping Mvc

我们返回一个Callable 这时候会开启一个新的线程不会阻塞tomcat的线程

 
    @GetMapping("getAllEgTwo")
    public Callable<Map<String, Object>> getAllEgTwo() {
        return () -> {
            FutureTask<String> stringFutureTaskOne = new FutureTask<>(asyncService::getOne);
            FutureTask<String> stringFutureTaskTwo = new FutureTask<>(asyncService::getTwo);
            FutureTask<String> stringFutureTaskThree = new FutureTask<>(asyncService::getThree);
            new Thread(stringFutureTaskOne).start();
            new Thread(stringFutureTaskTwo).start();
            new Thread(stringFutureTaskThree).start();
            Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>(3);
            result.put("one", stringFutureTaskOne.get());
            result.put("two", stringFutureTaskTwo.get());
            result.put("three", stringFutureTaskThree.get());
            return result;
        };
    }

3，修改单个任务为批量任务

在项目中我们有很多数据库的查询，批量查询要快于单个查询，中间省了很多io操作。

思考能不能吧单个调用转换成批量呢，针对并发比较高的接口。合并多个用户的调用，转换成一批进行查询。

把一个时间段内的请求放进队列，然后通过定时任务进行批量查询，然后进行响应分发。

import com.example.demo.conf.SnowFlake;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.WEB.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("async")
@Slf4j
public class AsyncController {
    @Autowired
    private AsyncService asyncService;
    private final SnowFlake worker = new SnowFlake(1, 1, 1);
    private final LinkedBlockingQueue<RequestBody<Long, UserInfo>> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
    @PostConstruct
    public void doWork() {
        ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
        service.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
            //每次运行的时候 去拿MQ中的数据量
            int size = queue.size();
            if (size == 0) {
                return;
            }
            log.info("批量获取任务：{}-{}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), size);
            //多次请求收集到一起一块去批量请求下面的需要的数据
            List<Long> requestBodyList = new ArrayList<>();
            List<RequestBody<Long, UserInfo>> requestBodies = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                RequestBody<Long, UserInfo> requestBody = queue.poll();
                requestBodies.add(requestBody);
                Long requestParam = requestBody.getRequestParam();
                requestBodyList.add(requestParam);
            }
            List<UserInfo> fourBatch;
            try {
                fourBatch = asyncService.getFourBatch(requestBodyList);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(fourBatch)) {
                return;
            }
            for (UserInfo x : fourBatch) {
                for (RequestBody<Long, UserInfo> y : requestBodies) {
                    if (x.getId().equals(y.getRequestParam())) {
                        y.getResult().complete(x);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }, 1000L, 50L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }
    
    @GetMapping("getAllEgFour")
    public UserInfo getAllEgFour(Long userId) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        if (userId == null) {
            userId = worker.nextId();
        }
        log.info("开始获取数据: {}: {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), userId);
        RequestBody<Long, UserInfo> objectObjectRequestBody = new RequestBody<>();
        CompletableFuture<UserInfo> completableFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
        objectObjectRequestBody.setRequestParam(userId);
        objectObjectRequestBody.setResult(completableFuture);
        queue.add(objectObjectRequestBody);
        UserInfo userInfo = completableFuture.get();
        log.info("完成获取数据: {}: {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), userInfo);
        return userInfo;
    }
}

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