详解SpringBoot 调用外部接口的三种方式

2023-05-15 08:05:05 调用 详解 三种

1、简介

SpringBoot不仅继承了spring框架原有的优秀特性,而且还通过简化配置来进一步简化了Spring应用的整个搭建和开发过程。在Spring-Boot项目开发中,存在着本模块的代码需要访问外面模块接口,或外部url链接的需求, 比如在apaas开发过程中需要封装接口在接口中调用apaas提供的接口(像发起流程接口submit等等)下面也是提供了三种方式(不使用dubbo的方式)供我们选择

2、方式一:使用原始httpClient请求


//
@RequestMapping("/submit/{documentId}")
public String submit1(@PathVariable String documentId) throws ParseException {
    //此处将要发送的数据转换为JSON格式字符串
    Map<String,Object> map =task2Service.getMap(documentId);
    String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map, SerializerFeature.WRITE_MAP_NULL_FEATURES,SerializerFeature.QuoteFieldNames);
    JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr);
    JSONObject sr = task2Service.doPost(jsonObject);
    return sr.toString();
}

public static JSONObject doPost(JSONObject date) {
    String assessToken="eyJ0eXaiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGCiOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ";
    CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
    // 要调用的接口url
    String url = "http://39.103.201.110:30661 /xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit";
    HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
    JSONObject jsonObject = null;
    try {
        //创建请求体并添加数据
        StringEntity s = new StringEntity(date.toString());
        //此处相当于在header里头添加content-type等参数
        s.setContentType("application/json");
        s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
        post.setEntity(s);
        //此处相当于在Authorization里头添加Bear token参数信息
        post.addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " +assessToken);
        HttpResponse res = client.execute(post);
        String response1 = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());
        if (res.getStatusLine()
                .getStatusCode() == httpstatus.SC_OK) {
            // 返回json格式:
            String result = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());
            jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    return jsonObject;
}

3、方式二:使用RestTemplate方法

Spring-Boot开发中,RestTemplate同样提供了对外访问的接口api,这里主要介绍Get和Post方法的使用。

Get请求

提供了getForObject 、getForEntity两种方式,其中getForEntity如下三种方法的实现:

Get--getForEntity,存在以下两种方式重载

1.getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)
2.getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)

Get--getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)

//该方法使用URI对象来替代之前的url和urlVariables参数来指定访问地址和参数绑定。URI是jdk java.net包下的一个类,表示一个统一资源标识符(UnifORM Resource Identifier)引用。参考如下:
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
UriComponents 
uriComponents=UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString("http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name}")
.build()
.expand("dodo")
.encode();
URI uri=uriComponents.toUri();
ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity(uri,String.class).getBody();

Get--getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)

//该方法提供了三个参数,其中url为请求的地址,responseType为请求响应body的包装类型,urlVariables为url中的参数绑定,该方法的参考调用如下:
// http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name)
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
Mapparams=new HashMap<>();
params.put("name","dada"); //
ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity("http://USERSERVICE/user?name={name}",String.class,params);

Get--getForObject,存在以下三种方式重载

1.getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Object...urlVariables)
2.getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Map urlVariables)
3.getForObject(URI url,Class responseType)

getForObject方法可以理解为对getForEntity的进一步封装,它通过HttpMessageConverterExtractor对HTTP的请求响应体body内容进行对象转换,实现请求直接返回包装好的对象内容。

Post 请求

Post请求提供有postForEntitypostForObjectpostForLocation三种方式,其中每种方式都有三种方法,下面介绍postForEntity的使用方法。

Post--postForEntity,存在以下三种方式重载

1.postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Object...  uriVariables) 
2.postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Map  uriVariables) 
3.postForEntity(URI url,Object request,Class responseType)

如下仅演示第二种重载方式


@PostMapping("/submit2")
public Object insertFinanceCompensation(@RequestBody JSONObject jsonObject) {
    String documentId=jsonObject.get("documentId").toString();
    return task2Service.submit(documentId);
}

public String submit(String documentId){
    String assessToken="eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ";
    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    //创建请求头
    HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
    //此处相当于在Authorization里头添加Bear token参数信息
    httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, "Bearer " + assessToken);
    //此处相当于在header里头添加content-type等参数
    httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE,"application/json");
    Map<String, Object> map = getMap(documentId);
    String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map);
    //创建请求体并添加数据
    HttpEntity<Map> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<Map>(map, httpHeaders);
    String url = "http://39.103.201.110:30661/xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit";
    ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,httpEntity,String.class);//此处三个参数分别是请求地址、请求体以及返回参数类型
    return forEntity.toString();
}

4、方式三:使用Feign进行消费

Maven项目中添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

启动类上加上@EnableFeignClients

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.definesys.mpaas", "com.xdap.*" ,"com.xdap.*"})
public class MobilecardApplication {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MobilecardApplication.class, args);
    }
 
}

此处编写接口模拟外部接口供feign调用外部接口方式使用

定义controller

@Autowired
PrintService printService;
 
@PostMapping("/outSide")
public String test(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {
    return printService.print(testDto);
}

定义service

@Service
public interface PrintService {
    public String print(TestDto testDto);
}

定义serviceImpl

public class PrintServiceImpl implements PrintService {
 
    @Override
    public String print(TestDto testDto) {
        return "模拟外部系统的接口功能"+testDto.getId();
    }
}

构建Feigin的Service

定义service

//此处name需要设置不为空,url需要在.properties中设置
@Service
@FeignClient(url = "${outSide.url}", name = "service2")
public interface FeignService2 {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/custom/outSide", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public String getMessage(@Valid @RequestBody TestDto testDto);
}

定义controller

@Autowired
FeignService2 feignService2;
//测试feign调用外部接口入口
@PostMapping("/test2")
public String test2(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {
    return feignService2.getMessage(testDto);
}

postman测试

此处因为我使用了所在项目,所以需要添加一定的请求头等信息,关于Feign的请求头添加也会在后续补充

补充如下:

添加Header解决方法

将token等信息放入Feign请求头中,主要通过重写RequestInterceptor的apply方法实现

定义config

@Configuration
public class FeignConfig implements RequestInterceptor {
    @Override
    public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate) {
        //添加token
        requestTemplate.header("token", "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ");
    }
}

定义service

@Service
@FeignClient(url = "${outSide.url}",name = "feignServer", configuration = FeignDemoConfig.class)
public interface TokenDemoClient {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/custom/outSideaddToken", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public String getMessage(@Valid @RequestBody TestDto testDto);
}

定义controller

//测试feign调用外部接口入口,加上token
@PostMapping("/testToken")
public String test4(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {
    return tokenDemoClient.getMessage(testDto);
}

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