Socket编程简单示例(聊天服务器)
传统Socket基于BIO实现一个简单的聊天服务器
服务端代码如下
public class MyServerSocket {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
// 绑定5000端口
serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 5000));
System.out.println("服务端启动成功...");
while (true) {
// 如果获取不到socket就会一致阻塞在此
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = is.read(buf);
System.out.println("客户端说:" + new String(buf, 0, len, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好客户端,我收到你的消息了".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
}
}
客户端代码如下
public class ClientSocket {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket();
socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",5000));
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("hello服务端~".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = is.read(buf);
System.out.println("服务器说:" + new String(buf, 0, len, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
}
先启动服务器端,再启动客户端。即可
传统BIO是阻塞的,举个烧水的例子来理解
Socket编写一个简单的Http服务器
http服务器的代码
public class httpserver {
private static String response = """
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
content-type: text/html
<h1>hello,client</h1>
""";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 5001));
System.out.println("HTTP服务器启动成功");
while (true) {
Socket client = serverSocket.accept();
// 获取客户端发送过来的数据
InputStream is = client.getInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = is.read(buf);
System.out.println("客户端发送过来的数据:" + new String(buf, 0, len, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
// 给客户端响应HTTP协议的数据
OutputStream os = client.getOutputStream();
os.write(response.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
// 注意:要关闭客户端资源
client.close();
}
}
}
只要响应数据满足HTTP协议,就可以通过浏览器访问到页面,下面我们使用浏览器访问下
基于NIO的非阻塞简单服务器实现
传统BIO会阻塞,使用NIO通道编程可以设置服务器为非阻塞,当未获取到连接时,可以处理其他的逻辑。相当于线程模型换了。下面是服务端代码,客户端代码不变,采用BIO的即可
public class NiOServerSocket {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 5002));
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); // 设置非阻塞
while (true) {
SocketChannel clientChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
if (clientChannel == null) {
System.out.println("客户端无连接,休息一下");
Thread.sleep(1000);
continue;
}
Socket socket = clientChannel.socket();
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = is.read(buf);
System.out.println("客户端发送过来的数据:" + new String(buf, 0, len, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
socket.close();
clientChannel.close();
}
}
}
第二种实现方式如下
public class NioServerSocket2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 5002));
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); // 设置非阻塞
while (true) {
SocketChannel clientChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
if (clientChannel == null) {
System.out.println("客户端无连接,休息一下");
Thread.sleep(1000);
continue;
}
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int len = clientChannel.read(buffer);
System.out.println("客户端说" + new String(buffer.array(), 0, len));
clientChannel.close();
}
}
}
但是该实现也有一个问题:虽然客户端的连接过程不会阻塞了,但是客户端发送数据会阻塞服务端。如果客户端发送数据过大,假设要10秒,那服务端调用read方法读取数据就要等待客户端至少10秒。
基于NIO的Selector的简单服务器实现
selector的服务端如下,这是要给单线程的服务端。相比上一小节没有使用selector,它的优点就是连接事件和读事件都不会阻塞了。即使客户端发送数据很慢,服务端也不会阻塞。
缺点是单线程执行,如果一个线程抢到读就绪事件并且处理的很慢,就会影响整体性能。
public class NioSelectorServerSocket {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1. 获取通道
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 5003));
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// 2. 获取选择器
Selector selector = Selector.open();
// 3. 把通道注册到选择器上,只注册连接继续事件
serverSocketChannel.reGISter(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
System.out.println("服务器启动成功...");
while (true) {
// 4. 不断轮询选择器中是否由连接事件
int select = selector.select(2000);
if (select == 0) {
System.out.println("暂时没有客户端连接哦");
continue;
}
// 5. 如果有连接继续事件,获取客户端通道
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
SocketChannel client = serverSocketChannel.accept();
//SocketChannel client = ((ServerSocketChannel) key.channel()).accept(); // 两种写法都一样
client.configureBlocking(false);
// 6. 为每个连接都注册写事件监听
client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
System.out.println("已注册可读事件");
}
if (key.isReadable()) {
SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
// 7. 监听到可读事件,处理可读事件
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int len = client.read(buffer);
System.out.println("客户端说:" + (len > 0 ? new String(buffer.array(), 0, len, StandardCharsets.UTF_8) : ""));
// 8. 关闭资源
client.close();
}
iterator.remove();
}
}
}
}
它的线程模型还是用烧水的例子来举例
总结
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