Chapter 3 OpenStack认

2023-01-31 03:01:27 openstack Chapter

Chapter 3 OpenStack认证服务(Identity service)

3.1 认证服务的概念

OpenStack认证服务主要提供以下两种功能:

跟踪用户及其权限

通过api端点(endpoint)提供一组可用的服务


在安装认证服务后,需要为OpenStack其他服务进行注册,这样认证服务就能追踪哪些OpenStack服务已安装以及在网络中所处的位置。


需要了解一下OpenStack认证服务以下概念:

用户:任何使用OpenStack云服务的用户、系统、服务的数字化表示。

证书(credential):确保用户身份的数据。例如用户名和密码的组合、用户名和API键(key)的组合等

授权(authentication):确认用户身份的过程

令牌(token):数字-文字文本串,用于访问OpenStack API和资源

租户(tenant):用于定义组或隔离资源的容器

服务(service):OpenStack各个服务名称

终端(endpoint):访问某个服务的URL地址

角色(role):定义用户权限、可执行的操作

Keystone客户端(client):OpenStack认证API的命令行接口


下图展示了OpenStack认证服务的处理流程:

 


3.2 安装配置OpenStack认证服务

3.2.1 配置预先环境

在安装配置OpenStack认证服务之前,需要创建相应的数据库和一个管理员令牌(token):

[root@controller ~]# Mysql -uroot -piforGot

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE keystone;

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' \

  IDENTIFIED BY 'keystonepw';

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \

  IDENTIFIED BY 'keystonepw';

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

[root@controller ~]# openssl rand -hex 10

c63cfc6c7e303D4515e6


3.2.2 安装配置OpenStack认证服务组件

1. 安装相关软件包:

[root@controller ~]# yum -y install openstack-keystone Httpd mod_wsgi python-openstackclient memcached Python-memcached


2. 启动Memcached服务并设置为开机自启:

[root@controller ~]# systemctl start memcached

[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable memcached


3. 编辑/etc/keystone/keystone.conf文件:

[root@controller ~]# cp /etc/keystone/keystone.conf{,.bak}

[root@controller ~]# > /etc/keystone/keystone.conf

[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/keystone/keystone.conf

[DEFAULT]

admin_token = c63cfc6c7e303d4515e6

verbose = True


[database]

connection = mysql://keystone:keystonepw@controller/keystone


[memcache]

servers = localhost:11211


[token]

provider = keystone.token.providers.uuid.Provider

driver = keystone.token.persistence.backends.memcache.Token


[revoke]

driver = keystone.contrib.revoke.backends.sql.Revoke


4. 填充认证服务数据库

[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone


3.2.3 配置Apache HTTP服务

1. 修改/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf文件:

[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

ServerName controller


2. 创建/etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi-keystone.conf文件并添加以下内容:

[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi-keystone.conf

Listen 5000

Listen 35357


<VirtualHost *:5000>

    WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-public processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}

    WSGIProcessGroup keystone-public

    WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone/main

    WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

    WSGIPassAuthorization On

    LogLevel info

    ErrorLogFORMat "%{cu}t %M"

    ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-error.log

    CustomLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-access.log combined

</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:35357>

    WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-admin processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}

    WSGIProcessGroup keystone-admin

    WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone/admin

    WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

    WSGIPassAuthorization On

    LogLevel info

    ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"

    ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-error.log

    CustomLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-access.log combined

</VirtualHost>


3. 创建WSGI组件目录结构并导入相关内容,然后修改目录的属性和权限:

[root@controller ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone

[root@controller ~]# curl http://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/keystone/plain/httpd/keystone.py?h=stable/kilo \

  | tee /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone/main /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone/admin

[root@controller ~]# chown -R keystone:keystone /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone

[root@controller ~]# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone/*


4. 启动httpd服务并设置为开机自启:

[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable httpd


3.3 创建服务实体(service entity)和API终端

OpenStack环境中各个服务都需要一个服务实体以及多个API终端。


3.3.1 配置预先环境

1. 配置认证令牌:

[root@controller ~]# export OS_TOKEN=c63cfc6c7e303d4515e6


2. 配置终端URL:

[root@controller ~]# export OS_URL=http://controller:35357/v2.0


3.3.2 创建认证服务所需的服务实体以及API终端

[root@controller ~]# openstack service create \

  --name keystone --description "OpenStack Identity" identity

[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create \

  --publicurl http://controller:5000/v2.0 \

  --internalurl http://controller:5000/v2.0 \

  --adminurl http://controller:35357/v2.0 \

  --region RegionOne \

  identity


3.4 创建项目名、用户以及角色

这里只创建与管理员相关的信息:

[root@controller ~]# openstack project create --description "Admin Project" admin

[root@controller ~]# openstack user create --passWord adminpw admin

[root@controller ~]# openstack role create admin

[root@controller ~]# openstack role add --project admin --user admin admin

[root@controller ~]# openstack project create --description "Service Project" service

[root@controller ~]# unset OS_TOKEN OS_URL


3.5 验证操作

这里不作介绍,请查看http://docs.openstack.org/kilo/install-guide/install/yum/content/keystone-verify.html,注意,整个实验环境不会用到demo项目和用户。


3.6 创建OpenStack客户端环境脚本

创建admin项目和用户所需要的客户端环境脚本:

[root@controller ~]# vi admin-openrc.sh

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=default

export OS_USER_DOMAIN_ID=default

export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin

export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin

export OS_USERNAME=admin

export OS_PASSWORD=adminpw

export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3

export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

注意,最后导入的环境变量表示镜像服务客户端使用API版本2.0。官方文档将这一变量在镜像服务章节加入的,这里提前介绍。


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