bind杂记（3）
回顾
配置成缓存名称服务器
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
//
options {
//listen-on port 53 { 10.201.106.129; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
//allow-query { any; };
recursion yes;
};查看DNS的tcp和UDP端口是否开启
[root@www ~]# ss -tuln | grep :53
udp UNCONN 0 0 10.201.106.129:53 *:*
udp UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 3 10.201.106.129:53 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 3 127.0.0.1:53 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::53835 :::* 定义正向和反向区域文件
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.conf
zone "magedu.com" IN {
type master;
file "magedu.com.zone";
};
zone "106.201.10.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "10.201.106.zone";
};
重载服务
[root@www ~]# rndc reload
server reload successful
[root@www ~]# rndc reload
server reload successful
[root@www ~]# rndc status
version: 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6
CPUs found: 1
worker threads: 1
number of zones: 21
debug level: 0
xfers running: 0
xfers deferred: 0
soa queries in progress: 0
query logging is OFF
recursive clients: 0/0/1000
tcp clients: 0/100
server is up and running
[root@www ~]# tail /var/log/messages
Aug 3 13:39:42 qq named[19186]: error (network unreachable) resolving './DNSKEY/IN': 2001:503:c27::2:30#53
Aug 3 13:39:42 qq named[19186]: error (network unreachable) resolving './DNSKEY/IN': 2001:7fe::53#53
Aug 3 13:39:53 qq named[19186]: received control channel command 'reload'
Aug 3 13:39:53 qq named[19186]: loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
Aug 3 13:39:53 qq named[19186]: using default UDP/IPv4 port range: [1024, 65535]
Aug 3 13:39:53 qq named[19186]: using default UDP/IPv6 port range: [1024, 65535]
Aug 3 13:39:53 qq named[19186]: sizing zone task pool based on 8 zones
Aug 3 13:39:54 qq named[19186]: Warning: 'empty-zones-enable/disable-empty-zone' not set: disabling RFC 1918 empty zones
Aug 3 13:39:54 qq named[19186]: reloading configuration succeeded
Aug 3 13:39:54 qq named[19186]: reloading zones succeeded创建正向区域解析库文件
[root@www named]# vim zz.com.zone
$TTL 1D
$ORIGIN zz.com.
@ IN SOA ns1.zz.com. admin.zz.com. (
2016042501
1H
5M
3D
1D )
IN NS ns1
IN NS ns2
ns1 IN A 10.201.106.129
ns2 IN A 10.201.106.128
www IN A 10.201.106.129
* IN A 10.201.106.129
[root@www named]# named-checkzone "zz.com" /var/named/zz.com.zone
zone zz.com/IN: loaded serial 2016042501
OK更改区域记录文件权限
[root@www named]# chmod 640 zz.com.zone
[root@www named]# chown :named zz.com.zone
[root@www named]# ll zz.com.zone
-rw-r----- 1 root named 217 Aug 3 14:09 zz.com.zone重新加载named
[root@www named]# rndc reload
server reload successful
[root@www named]# tail /var/log/messages
Aug 3 14:14:07 qq named[19186]: received control channel command 'reload'
Aug 3 14:14:07 qq named[19186]: loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
Aug 3 14:14:07 qq named[19186]: using default UDP/IPv4 port range: [1024, 65535]
Aug 3 14:14:07 qq named[19186]: using default UDP/IPv6 port range: [1024, 65535]
Aug 3 14:14:07 qq named[19186]: sizing zone task pool based on 9 zones
Aug 3 14:14:07 qq named[19186]: Warning: 'empty-zones-enable/disable-empty-zone' not set: disabling RFC 1918 empty zones
Aug 3 14:14:07 qq named[19186]: reloading configuration succeeded
Aug 3 14:14:07 qq named[19186]: zone zz.com/IN: loaded serial 2016042501
Aug 3 14:14:07 qq named[19186]: reloading zones succeeded
Aug 3 14:14:07 qq named[19186]: zone zz.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 2016042501)记录测试
[root@www named]# dig -t A www.zz.com @10.201.106.129
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.zz.com @10.201.106.129
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 3270
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.zz.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.129
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns2.zz.com.
zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.zz.com.
泛域名解析
[root@www named]# dig -t A ftp.zz.com @10.201.106.129
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A ftp.zz.com @10.201.106.129
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4797
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ftp.zz.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ftp.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.129
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns2.zz.com.
zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.zz.com.子域授权
在区域解析库创建子域
[root@www named]# vim zz.com.zone
$TTL 1D
$ORIGIN zz.com.
@ IN SOA ns1.zz.com. admin.zz.com. (
2016042501
1H
5M
3D
1D )
IN NS ns1
IN NS ns2
ns1 IN A 10.201.106.129
ns2 IN A 10.201.106.128
www IN A 10.201.106.129
* IN A 10.201.106.129
ops IN NS ns1.ops ##子域定义
ops IN NS ns2.ops ##子域定义
ns1.ops IN A 10.201.106.128 ##子域定义
ns2.ops IN A 10.201.106.131 ##子域定义
重载后区域数不会发生改变
[root@www named]#
[root@www named]# rndc status
version: 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6
CPUs found: 1
worker threads: 1
number of zones: 22
debug level: 0
xfers running: 0
xfers deferred: 0
soa queries in progress: 0
query logging is OFF
recursive clients: 0/0/1000
tcp clients: 0/100
server is up and running
[root@www named]#
[root@www named]# rndc reload
server reload successful
[root@www named]#
[root@www named]# rndc status
version: 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6
CPUs found: 1
worker threads: 1
number of zones: 22
debug level: 0
xfers running: 0
xfers deferred: 0
soa queries in progress: 0
query logging is OFF
recursive clients: 0/0/1000
tcp clients: 0/100
server is up and running
[root@www named]# 配置子域服务器
也是将子域服务器配置成缓存服务器，/etc/named.conf
定义子域区域
[root@zz ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
55 zone "ops.zz.com" IN {
56 type master;
57 file "ops.zz.com";
58 };重载后已经增加了一个区域
[root@zz ~]# rndc status
version: 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6
CPUs found: 1
worker threads: 1
number of zones: 21
debug level: 0
xfers running: 0
xfers deferred: 0
soa queries in progress: 0
query logging is OFF
recursive clients: 0/0/1000
tcp clients: 0/100
server is up and running
[root@zz ~]#
[root@zz ~]# rndc reload
server reload successful
[root@zz ~]# rndc status
version: 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6
CPUs found: 1
worker threads: 1
number of zones: 22
debug level: 0
xfers running: 0
xfers deferred: 0
soa queries in progress: 0
query logging is OFF
recursive clients: 0/0/1000
tcp clients: 0/100
server is up and running
[root@zz ~]# 编辑子正向域区域解析库文件
[root@zz named]# vim ops.zz.com.zone
1 $TTl 1d
2 $ORIGIN ops.zz.com.
3 @ IN SOA ns1.ops.zz.com. admin.ops.zz.com. (
4 2015042501
5 1H
6 10M
7 3D
8 1D )
9 IN NS ns1
10 IN NS ns2
11 ns1 IN A 10.201.106.128
12 ns2 IN A 10.201.106.131
13 www IN A 10.201.106.200
14 * IN A 10.201.106.200
[root@zz named]# named-checkzone "ops.zz.com" /var/named/ops.zz.com.zone
zone ops.zz.com/IN: loaded serial 2015042501
OK
[root@zz named]# vim ops.zz.com.zone
[root@zz named]# tail /var/log/messages
Jul 29 18:39:35 zz named[2524]: loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
Jul 29 18:39:35 zz named[2524]: using default UDP/IPv4 port range: [1024, 65535]
Jul 29 18:39:35 zz named[2524]: using default UDP/IPv6 port range: [1024, 65535]
Jul 29 18:39:35 zz named[2524]: sizing zone task pool based on 9 zones
Jul 29 18:39:36 zz named[2524]: Warning: 'empty-zones-enable/disable-empty-zone' not set: disabling RFC 1918 empty zones
Jul 29 18:39:36 zz named[2524]: zone ops.zz.com/IN: (master) removed
Jul 29 18:39:36 zz named[2524]: reloading configuration succeeded
Jul 29 18:39:36 zz named[2524]: zone ops.zz.com/IN: loaded serial 2015042501
Jul 29 18:39:36 zz named[2524]: reloading zones succeeded
Jul 29 18:39:36 zz named[2524]: zone ops.zz.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 2015042501)
修改权限
[root@zz named]# chgrp named ops.zz.com.zone
[root@zz named]# ll ops.zz.com.zone
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 232 Jul 29 21:29 ops.zz.com.zone
[root@zz named]#
[root@zz named]# dig -t NS ops.zz.com @10.201.106.128
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> -t NS ops.zz.com @10.201.106.128
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 12464
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ops.zz.com. IN NS
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ops.zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns2.ops.zz.com.
ops.zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.ops.zz.com.测试子域服务器解析
[root@zz named]# dig -t A www.ops.zz.com @10.201.106.128
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.ops.zz.com @10.201.106.128
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17382
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.ops.zz.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.ops.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.200
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
ops.zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.ops.zz.com.
ops.zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns2.ops.zz.com.父域测试子域
[root@www named]# dig -t NS ops.zz.com @10.201.106.129 +norecurse
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6 <<>> -t NS ops.zz.com @10.201.106.129 +norecurse
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 42676
;; flags: qr ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ops.zz.com. IN NS
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
ops.zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.ops.zz.com.
ops.zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns2.ops.zz.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.ops.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.128
ns2.ops.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.131
解决问题：
定义转发域
父域配置(全局转发)
vim /etc/name.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { 10.201.106.128;127.0.0.1; };
//listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };
recursion yes;
forward first; ***
forwarder { 10.201.106.2; }; ***
子域（区域转发），配置子域对zz.com的解析都转发给主服务器解析；
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.conf
zone "zz.com" IN {
type forward;
forward only;
forwarders { 10.201.106.129; };
};
测试：在子域解析父域的域名
[root@zz ~]# dig -t A www.magedu.com @10.201.106.128
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.magedu.com @10.201.106.128
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 39821
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.magedu.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.magedu.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.129
www.magedu.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.128
测试：在父域测试子域的域名
[root@qq ~]# dig -t A ns1.ops.zz.com @10.201.106.129
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A ns1.ops.zz.com @10.201.106.129
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 13781
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns1.ops.zz.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns1.ops.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.128将子域的转发区域测试，将不能解析父域 ###、
将转发域注释掉（/etc/named.rfc1912.conf）
[root@zz ~]# dig -t A www.zz.com @10.201.106.128
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.zz.com @10.201.106.128
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:查看防火墙是否打开
[root@zz ~]# iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
[root@zz ~]#
清空缓存
rndc flsuh区域解析优先级大于全局解析
当子域服务器同时配置区域和全局解析配置时，解析内网的域名时找父域服务器，解析外网的域名时找外网DNS服务器；
配置：
全局解析配置：
[root@zz ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
forward first;
forwarders { 10.201.106.2; };
区域解析配置：
[root@zz ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "zz.com" IN {
type forward;
forward only;
forwarders { 10.201.106.129; };
};
测试验证：
[root@zz ~]# dig -t A www.baidu.com @10.201.106.128
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.baidu.com @10.201.106.128
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 27032
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 10
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.baidu.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.baidu.com. 5 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com. 5 IN A 111.13.100.91
www.a.shifen.com. 5 IN A 111.13.100.92
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
. 5 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
. 5 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
h.root-servers.net. 5 IN A 198.97.190.53
j.root-servers.net. 5 IN A 192.58.128.30
j.root-servers.net. 5 IN AAAA 2001:503:c27::2:30
e.root-servers.net. 5 IN A 192.203.230.10
a.root-servers.net. 5 IN A 198.41.0.4
a.root-servers.net. 5 IN AAAA 2001:503:ba3e::2:30
k.root-servers.net. 5 IN A 193.0.14.129
k.root-servers.net. 5 IN AAAA 2001:7fd::1
d.root-servers.net. 5 IN A 199.7.91.13
d.root-servers.net. 5 IN AAAA 2001:500:2d::d
;; Query time: 12 msec
;; SERVER: 10.201.106.128#53(10.201.106.128)
;; WHEN: Fri Jul 29 23:41:15 2016
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 509
[root@zz ~]# dig -t A www.zz.com @10.201.106.128
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.zz.com @10.201.106.128
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6758
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.zz.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.zz.com. 85785 IN A 10.201.106.129
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
zz.com. 85770 IN NS ns1.zz.com.
zz.com. 85770 IN NS ns2.zz.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns2.zz.com. 85770 IN A 10.201.106.128
ns1.zz.com. 85770 IN A 10.201.106.129
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 10.201.106.128#53(10.201.106.128)
;; WHEN: Fri Jul 29 23:41:27 2016
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 112如果失败失败，可以看下named.conf里的一些安全配置改为no，两边服务器的安全配置都需要一模一样，不能一边项关闭，一边项注释；
bind的基础安全配置
acl的定义
[root@qq ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
acl slaves {
10.201.106.129;
127.0.0.1
};只需要特定主机查询主域服务器的解析困
如果不在白名单，就算是自己服务器的其它IP也无法查询
/etc/named.rfc1912.conf
zone "zz.com" IN {
type master;
file "zz.com.zone";
allow-query { 10.201.106.129; };
};
换成any，任意主机都可以查询；
zone "zz.com" IN {
type master;
file "zz.com.zone";
allow-query { any; };};
子域发起查询主域名
[root@zz ~]# dig -t A www.zz.com @10.201.106.129
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.zz.com @10.201.106.129
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 3007
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.zz.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.129
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.zz.com.
zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns2.zz.com.只需许主域本机区域传送
未配置前子域可以从主域区域传送：
[root@zz ~]# dig -t AXFR zz.com @10.201.106.129
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> -t AXFR zz.com @10.201.106.129
;; global options: +cmd
zz.com. 86400 IN SOA ns1.zz.com. admin.zz.com. 2016042501 3600 300 259200 86400
zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.zz.com.
zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns2.zz.com.
*.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.129
ns1.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.129
ns2.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.128
ops.zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.ops.zz.com.
ns1.ops.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.128
www.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.129
zz.com. 86400 IN SOA ns1.zz.com. admin.zz.c
主机配置/etc/named.rfc1912.conf进行限制
zone "zz.com" IN {
type master;
file "zz.com.zone";
allow-query { any; };
allow-transfer { 10.201.106.129; };
};
子域再测试，不能再传送了：
[root@zz ~]# dig -t AXFR zz.com @10.201.106.129
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> -t AXFR zz.com @10.201.106.129
;; global options: +cmd
; Transfer failed.
主域可以正常传送区域
[root@qq ~]# dig -t AXFR zz.com @10.201.106.129
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6 <<>> -t AXFR zz.com @10.201.106.129
;; global options: +cmd
zz.com. 86400 IN SOA ns1.zz.com. admin.zz.com. 2016042501 3600 300 259200 86400
zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.zz.com.
zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns2.zz.com.
*.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.129
ns1.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.129
ns2.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.128
ops.zz.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.ops.zz.com.
ns1.ops.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.128
www.zz.com. 86400 IN A 10.201.106.129
zz.com. 86400 IN SOA ns1.zz.com. admin.zz.com. 2016042501 3600 300 259200 86400
;; Query time: 2 msec
;; SERVER: 10.201.106.129#53(10.201.106.129)
;; WHEN: Wed Aug 3 20:33:43 2016
;; XFR size: 10 records (messages 1, bytes 246)允许哪些主机递归
/etc/named.confg
allow-recursion { ip; };
禁止更新区域数据库中的内容
zone "zz.com" IN {
type master;
file "zz.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};相关文章