Python随笔(二)、python基础

2023-01-31 00:01:46 python 基础 随笔

源自:Http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/4906230.html

一、接收执行参数

sys.argv   接收执行参数的函数

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: sysargv.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
import sys
print (sys.argv)

执行结果

[root@python3 ~]# Python index.py 8000

['index.py', '8000']

[root@python3 ~]# python index.py runserver

['index.py', 'runserver']


列表,元祖:

区别,列表可以被修改,元祖不能被修改,列表包含元祖

元祖的元素不能被修改,元祖的元素的元素可以被修改。如下程序所示

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: tuple.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
t1 = (1,2,{'k1':'v1'})
#t1[2]['k1'] = 2
#print(t1)
t1[2] = 123
print(t1)

执行报错:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:/Users/Administrator/PyCharmProjects/S12/2017-11-19/tuple.py", line 11, in <module>

    t1[2] = 123

TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment


#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: tuple.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
t1 = (1,2,{'k1':'v1'})
t1[2]['k1'] = 2
print(t1)

执行结果:

(1, 2, {'k1': 2})

Process finished with exit code 0


对于python,一切事物皆是对象,对象基于类创建


字符串常用功能:

  • 移除空白                 strip

  • 分割                        slipt

  • 长度                        len

  • 索引                        index

  • 切片                        [1:]   [2:5]  [:-1]

4、列表

创建列表:

1
2
3
name_list = ['alex''seven''eric']
name_list = list(['alex''seven''eric'])

基本操作:

  • 索引                 index

  • 追加                 append

  • 删除                 del

  • 长度                 len 

  • 切片                 [1:]   [2:5]  [:-1] 

  • 循环                 for   while

  • 包含                 in

5、元祖

创建元祖:

1
2
3
ages = (1122334455)
ages = tuple((1122334455))

基本操作:

  • 索引                 index

  • 切片                [1:]   [2:5]  [:-1] 

  • 循环                for   while

  • 长度                len

  • 包含                in

6、字典(无序)

创建字典:

1
2
3
person = {"name""mr.wu"'age'18}
person = dict({"name""mr.wu"'age'18})

常用操作:

  • 索引    

  • 新增     

  • 删除      del    pop    remove

  • 键、值、键值对    keys   values   items

  • 循环    for   while

  • 长度    len

PS:循环,range,continue 和 break

int常用功能介绍:

age = int(18)

shift + 鼠标指向int,查看内置函数

求商和余数,执行结果得到两个数的元祖

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: divmod.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
all_list = 95
pager = 10
result = all_list.__divmod__(10)
print(result)

执行结果:

(9, 5)

字典:

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: dic.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}
print(dic['k1'])
print(dic['k2'])
#print(dic['k3'])
print(dic.get('k3','default'))


for循环取k,v值

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: dic.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}
print(dic['k1'])
print(dic['k2'])
print(dic['k3'])

for k in dic.keys():
   print(k)
for v in dic.values():
   print(v)
for k,v in dic.items():
   print(k,v)

执行结果:

v1

v2

v3

k1

k2

k3

v1

v2

v3

k1 v1

k2 v2

k3 v3


pop参数,必须指定一个值,因为字典是无序的,接上文截图

result =  dic.pop('k3')
print(result)


#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: dictionary.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
'''
有如下集合[11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,110,121,132,143,154,165,176,187],将所有大于66的值保存在字典的第一个key中,将小于66的值保存在第二个key的值中
即:{'k1':大于66,'k2':小于66}
'''
dic = {}
all_list = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,110,121,132,143,154,165,176,187]
for i in all_list:
   if i > 66:
       if "k1" in dic.keys():
           dic["k1"].append(i)
       else:
           dic['k1'] = [i,]
   else:
       if "k2" in dic.keys():
           dic["k2"].append(i)
       else:
           dic['k2'] = [i,]
print(dic['k1'])
print(dic['k2'])


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