C++设计模式中的工厂模式详细介绍
1. 简单工厂模式
简单工厂模式(Simple Factory Pattern): 是指定义一个工厂类,工厂类中实现一个方法,此方法根据不同的参数返回不同的类,UML类图如下所示:
代码如下:
#include <iOStream>
using namespace std;
class Product
{
public:
~Product() {}
// 纯虚函数
virtual void Create(string content) = 0;
};
class ProductA : public Product
{
public:
void Create(string content) override {
cout << "ProductA " << content << endl;
}
};
class ProductB : public Product
{
public:
void Create(string content) override {
cout << "ProductB " << content << endl;
}
};
class Factory
{
public:
Product* CreateProduct(const type_info& ty_info) {
if (ty_info == typeid(ProductA))
{
return m_pProductA = new ProductA();
}
else if (ty_info == typeid(ProductB))
{
return m_pProductB = new ProductB();
}
return NULL;
}
~Factory(){
if(m_pProductA)
delete m_pProductA;
if(m_pProductB)
delete m_pProductB;
}
private:
ProductA* m_pProductA;
ProductB* m_pProductB;
};
int main()
{
Factory factory;
factory.CreateProduct(typeid(ProductA))->Create("A");
factory.CreateProduct(typeid(ProductB))->Create("B");
system("pause");
}
简单工厂模式的问题:
- 当要创建的实例过多时,会存在过多的if语句
- 当要创建新的实例时要修改工厂方法,这样做违背了开-闭原则(即对扩展开放,对修改关闭的原则)
2. 工厂方法模式
工厂方法模式(Factory Method Pattern): 是在简单工厂模式的基础上将工厂类修改为抽象类,具体的类实例创建交给抽象工厂的子类。UML类图如所示:
代码如下所示:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Product
{
public:
~Product() {}
// 纯虚函数
virtual void Create(string content) = 0;
};
class ProductA : public Product
{
public:
void Create(string content) override {
cout << "ProductA " << content << endl;
}
};
class ProductB : public Product
{
public:
void Create(string content) override {
cout << "ProductB " << content << endl;
}
};
class Factory
{
public:
virtual Product* CreateProduct() = 0;
Product* m_pProduct;
virtual ~Factory() {
if (m_pProduct)
delete m_pProduct;
}
};
class FactoryA : public Factory
{
public:
virtual Product* CreateProduct() override{
return m_pProduct = new ProductA();
}
};
class FactoryB : public Factory
{
public:
virtual Product* CreateProduct() override {
return m_pProduct = new ProductB();
}
};
int main()
{
FactoryA factroyA;
FactoryB factroyB;
factroyA.CreateProduct()->Create("A");
factroyB.CreateProduct()->Create("B");
system("pause");
}
工厂方法模式很好的避免了过多的if语句,同时也保证了开-闭原则,但是当类过多时会产生类"爆炸"的情况,所以具体选用什么模式需要根据实际需求进行取舍。
3. 抽象工厂模式
抽象工厂与工厂方法相比,抽象工厂允许生成不同的产品(即一个工厂存在多个产品)。代码如下所示:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Product
{
public:
~Product() {}
// 纯虚函数
virtual void Create(string content) = 0;
};
class ProductA : public Product
{
public:
void Create(string content) override {
cout << "ProductA " << content << endl;
}
};
class ProductB : public Product
{
public:
void Create(string content) override {
cout << "ProductB " << content << endl;
}
};
class Factory
{
public:
virtual Product* CreateProductA() = 0;
virtual Product* CreateProductB() = 0;
Product* m_pProductA;
Product* m_pProductB;
virtual ~Factory() {
if (m_pProductA)
delete m_pProduct;
if(m_pProductB)
delete m_pProductB;
}
};
class FactorySubOne : public Factory
{
public:
virtual Product* CreateProductA() override{
return m_pProductA = new ProductA();
}
virtual Product* CreateProductB() override {
return m_pProductB = new ProductB();
}
};
class FactorySubTwo : public Factory
{
public:
virtual Product* CreateProductA() override{
return m_pProductA = new ProductA();
}
virtual Product* CreateProductB() override {
return m_pProductB = new ProductB();
}
};
int main()
{
FactorySubOne factroy_sub_one;
FactorySubTwo factroy_sub_two;
factroy_sub_one.CreateProductA()->Create("FactorySubOne A");
factroy_sub_one.CreateProductB()->Create("FactorySubOne B");
factroy_sub_two.CreateProductA()->Create("FactorySubTwo A");
factroy_sub_two.CreateProductB()->Create("FactorySubTwo B");
system("pause");
}
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