C#利用FileSystemWatcher实时监控文件的增加,修改,重命名和删除

2022-11-13 14:11:43 删除 重命名 实时监控

好多时候,我们都需要知道某些目录下的文件什么时候被修改、删除过等,如果能用miniFilter驱动过滤来做的话当然是最好不过了,这是内核级别的,当然也比较复杂。如果只是简单的记录就没必要用驱动过滤级别的来做了,用FileSystemWatcher来做就要简单得多。

FileSystemWatcher组件可以监视文件系统,并在文件系统发生改变时作出反应。FileSystemWatcher 常用于文件系统变更的监控,当被监视的文件夹目录被创建、修改、重命名或删除时,会触发以下事件:

1.Created: 当新建文件或者文件夹

2.Changed:当文件或者文件夹已经完成修改

3.Renamed:当文件或者文件夹完成重命名

4.Deleted:当文件或者文件夹被删除

5.Error:当变更过程发生错误

下面我们一起来完成一个文件监控实例。

一、实例化FileSystemWatcher类,并注册监听事件

  //创建一个FileSystemWatcher,并设置其属性
            FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher = new FileSystemWatcher(); 
            //设置监控的路径
            fileSystemWatcher.Path = “监控路径”;
            //是否监控指定路径中的子目录
            fileSystemWatcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true;
            //启用
            fileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

            //注册监听事件,Created、Changed、Deleted三个事件传递的参数是一样的,我们就用同一个方法来处理就可以了
            fileSystemWatcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);
            fileSystemWatcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);
            fileSystemWatcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);
            fileSystemWatcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Renamed);
            fileSystemWatcher.Error += new ErrorEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Error);

二、事件处理

FileSystemEventArgs 对象成员有:Name、OldName、ChangeType、FullPath、OldFullPath等,看名就明白是什么了,这里不做过多解释。

 //创建一个FileSystemWatcher,并设置其属性
            FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher = new FileSystemWatcher(); 
            //设置监控的路径
            fileSystemWatcher.Path = “监控路径”;
            //是否监控指定路径中的子目录
            fileSystemWatcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true;
            //启用
            fileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

            //Created、Changed、Deleted三个事件的处理方法
            private static void FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e)
            {
                        Invoke(new Action(new Action(() =>
                        {
                               Console.WriteLine(e.Name+e.FullPath);
                        })));
            }
            //重命名事件的处理方法
            private void FileSystemWatcher_Renamed(object sender, RenamedEventArgs e)
            {
                        Invoke(new Action(new Action(() =>
                        {
                               Console.WriteLine(e.OldName+e.Name+e.FullPath);
                        })));
            } 
           //错误事件的处理方法
            private void FileSystemWatcher_Error(object sender, ErrorEventArgs e)
            {
                        Invoke(new Action(new Action(() =>
                        {
                               Console.WriteLine(e.ToString()));
                        })));
            }

这里需要注意一个问题:因为FileSystemWatcher类本身就是一个多线程的控件,在实例化一个FileSystemWatcher时就自动创建了一个线程,在事件处理的方法中需要使用委托的方式封送到主线程中处理。

//声明传递文件Created、Changed、Deleted对象和委托,用于文件增加、删除、修改时更新UI界面
private delegate void setLogDelegate(FileSystemEventArgs e); 

三、展示监控记录

监控的记录可以保存到文件和数据库中,这里就增加一个listView来展示就好了

代码:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.windows.FORMs;
 
namespace FileWatcher
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private delegate void renameDelegate(RenamedEventArgs e); //声明传递RenamedEventArgs对象和委托,用于文件Renamed时更新UI界面
        private delegate void setLogDelegate(FileSystemEventArgs e); //声明传递文件Created、Changed、Deleted对象和委托,用于文件增加、删除、修改时更新UI界面
        private FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
        private ColumnHeader chTime = new ColumnHeader();
        private ColumnHeader chEvent = new ColumnHeader();
        private ColumnHeader chFile = new ColumnHeader();
        private ColumnHeader chPath = new ColumnHeader();
       public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            chTime.TextAlign = HorizontalAlignment.Center;
            chTime.Width = 130;
            chTime.Text = "时间";
            this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chTime);
            chEvent.TextAlign = HorizontalAlignment.Center;
            chEvent.Width = 80;
            chEvent.Text = "事件";
            this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chEvent);
            chFile.Width = 270;
            chFile.Text = "文件";
            this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chFile);
            chPath.Width = this.listViewInfo.Width - chTime.Width - chEvent.Width - chFile.Width - 21;
            chPath.Text = "位置";
            this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chPath);
            ColumnHeader chEnd = new ColumnHeader();
            chEnd.Width = 17;
            chEnd.Text = "";
            this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chEnd);
            this.listViewInfo.View = View.Details;
            this.listViewInfo.GridLines = true;
            fileSystemWatcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);
            fileSystemWatcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);
            fileSystemWatcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);
            fileSystemWatcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Renamed);
            fileSystemWatcher.Error += new ErrorEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Error);
            fileSystemWatcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true;
            fileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
        }
 
 
        #region 文件增加、删除、修改时被调用的处理方法
        private void FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e)
        {
            if (listViewInfo.InvokeRequired)   //判断是否跨线程
            {
                listViewInfo.Invoke(new setLogDelegate(SetLog), new object[] { e });//使用委托将方法封送到UI主线程处理
            }
        }
        private void SetLog(FileSystemEventArgs e)
        {
            string strLog = "";
            switch (e.ChangeType.ToString())
            {
                case "Created":
                    strLog = "文件创建";
                    break;
                case "Changed":
                    strLog = "文件修改";
                    break;
                case "Deleted":
                    strLog = "文件删除";
                    break;
                default:
                    strLog = e.ChangeType.ToString();
                    break;
            }
            ListViewItem lvi = new ListViewItem();
            lvi.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");  
            lvi.SubItems.Add(strLog);  
            lvi.SubItems.Add(e.Name);  
            lvi.SubItems.Add(e.FullPath.Replace(e.Name,""));  
            listViewInfo.Items.Add(lvi);
        }
        #endregion
 
        #region 重命名方法
        private void FileSystemWatcher_Renamed(object sender, RenamedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (listViewInfo.InvokeRequired)
            {
                listViewInfo.Invoke(new renameDelegate(SetRenamedLog), new object[]{e});
            }
        }
        private void SetRenamedLog(RenamedEventArgs e)
        {
            //listViewInfo.Items.Add(string.Format("重命名:{0} 被换名为:{1}, {2}", e.OldName, e.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
            ListViewItem lvi = new ListViewItem();
            lvi.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
            lvi.SubItems.Add("文件重命名");
            lvi.SubItems.Add(e.OldName + "被换名为:" + e.Name);
            lvi.SubItems.Add(e.FullPath.Replace(e.Name, ""));
            listViewInfo.Items.Add(lvi);
        }
        #endregion
 
        #region  错误事件的方法
        private void FileSystemWatcher_Error(object sender, ErrorEventArgs e)
        {
            if (listViewInfo.InvokeRequired)   //判断是否跨线程
            {
                //使用委托处理
                Invoke(new Action(new Action(() =>
                {
                    listViewInfo.Items.Add(string.Format("文件出错:{0}, {1}", e.ToString(), DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
                })));
            }
        }
        #endregion
 
    }
}

以上就是C#利用FileSystemWatcher实时监控文件的增加,修改,重命名和删除的详细内容,更多关于C# FileSystemWatcher监控文件的资料请关注其它相关文章!

相关文章