利用PHP实现词法分析器与自定义语言
之前项目有一个需求，业务人员使用中文编写一些自定义公式，然后需要我们后台执行将结果返回到界面上，于是就基于有限状态机写了这个词法分析器，比较简单，希望能够抛砖引玉。
一、分析需求
输入中文公式，返回结果，比如：
现有薪资=10000;
个税起点=3000;
当前年份=2021;
如果(当前年份=2022){
个税起点=5000;
}
返回 (现有薪资-个税起点) * 0.2;
二、实现需求
最初的想法是使用字符串替换的方式，将中文关键字替换成 PHP 的关键字，然后调用 eval 执行，这样确实也是可以的，但是总觉得不是很美丽，并且不能实现动态解析。就想着自己实现一个简单的词法分析，然后结合 ast 将词法转换成 php 代码执行，岂不快哉。当前版本没有用到抽象语法树来生成代码，全部使用字符串拼接。
<?php
class Lexer {
// 内置关键字集合
public $keyWordList = [];
// 内置操作符集合
public $operatorList = [
"+", "-", "*", "/", "=", ">", "<", "!", "(", ")", "{", "}", ",", ";"
];
// 源代码
private $input;
// 当前的字符
private $currChar;
// 当前字符位置
private $currCharPos = 0;
// 结束符
private $eof = "eof";
// 当前编码
private $currEncode = "UTF-8";
// 内置关键字
public const VAR = "variable";
public const STR = "string";
public const KW = "keyword";
public const OPR = "operator";
public const INT = "integer";
public const NIL = "null";
public function __construct(string $input) {
$this->input = $input;
$this->currChar = mb_substr($this->input, $this->currCharPos, 1);
}
public function seTKEywordList($keywordList) {
$this->keywordList = $keywordList;
}
public function parseInput() {
if ($this->input == "") {
throw new Exception("code can not be empty");
}
$tokens = [];
do {
$token = $this->nextToken();
if ($token["type"] != "eof") {
$tokens[] = $token;
}
if ($token["type"] == self::KW) {
$tokens[] = $this->makeToken(self::NIL, " ");
}
} while ($token["type"] != "eof");
return $tokens;
}
public function nextToken() {
$this->skipBlankChar();
$this->currChar == "" && $this->currChar = $this->eof;
if ($this->isCnLetter()) {
$word = $this->matchUntilNextCharIsNotCn();
if ($this->isKeyword($word)) {
$this->currCharPos -= 1;
return $this->currToken(static::KW, $word);
}
// 不是关键字的全部归为变量
return $this->makeToken(static::VAR, $word);
}
// 如果是操作符
if ($this->isOperator()) {
return $this->currToken(static::OPR, $this->currChar);
}
// 如果是数字
if ($this->isNumber()) {
return $this->currToken(static::INT, $this->currChar);
}
// 如果是字符串
if ($str = $this->isStr()) {
return $this->currToken(static::STR, $str);
}
// 如果是变量
if ($this->isVar()) {
$word = $this->matchVar();
if ($this->isKeyword($word)) {
return $this->currToken(static::KW, $word);
}
return $this->makeToken(static::VAR, $word);
}
if ($this->currChar == $this->eof) {
return $this->currToken('eof', $this->currChar);
}
return $this->currToken(static::VAR, $this->currChar);
}
private function matchVar(string $input = "") {
$word = $input ?: '';
while ($this->isVar()) {
$word .= $this->currChar;
$this->nextChar();
}
return $word;
}
private function isVar() {
return $this->isCnLetter() || $this->isEnLetter();
}
private function skipBlankChar() {
while (ord($this->currChar) == 10 ||
ord($this->currChar) == 13 ||
ord($this->currChar) == 32) {
$this->nextChar();
}
}
private function currToken(string $type, $word) {
$token = $this->makeToken($type, $word);
$this->nextChar();
return $token;
}
private function makeToken(string $type, string $char) {
return ["type" => $type, "char" => $char, "pos" => $this->currCharPos];
}
private function isEnLetter() {
if ($this->currChar == "" || $this->currChar == $this->eof) {
return false;
}
$ord = mb_ord($this->currChar, $this->currEncode);
if ($ord > ord('a') && $ord < ord('z')) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
private function isCnLetter() {
return preg_match("/^[\x{4e00}-\x{9fa5}]+$/u", $this->currChar);
}
private function isNumber() {
return is_numeric($this->currChar);
}
private function isStr() {
return $this->matchCompleteStr();
}
private function matchCompleteStr() {
$char = "";
if ($this->currChar == "\"") {
$this->nextChar();
while ($this->currChar != "\"") {
if ($this->currChar != "\"") {
$char .= $this->currChar;
}
$this->nextChar();
}
return $char;
}
return $char;
}
private function isOperator() {
return in_array($this->currChar, $this->operatorList);
}
private function matchUntilNextCharIsNotCn() {
$char = "";
while ($this->isCnLetter()) {
$char .= $this->currChar;
$this->nextChar();
}
return $char;
}
private function nextChar() {
$this->currCharPos += 1;
$this->currChar = mb_substr($this->input, $this->currCharPos, 1);
if ($this->currChar == "") {
$this->currChar = $this->eof;
}
}
private function isKeyword(string $input) {
return ($this->keywordList[$input] ?? "") != "";
}
public function convert(array $tokens) {
$code = "";
foreach ($this->lexerIterator($tokens) as $generator) {
switch ($generator["type"]) {
case static::KW:
$code .= $this->keywordList[$generator["char"]];
break;
case static::VAR:
$code .= sprintf("$%s", $generator["char"]);
break;
case static::OPR:
$code .= $this->replace($generator["char"]);
break;
case static::INT:
$code .= $generator["char"];
break;
case static::STR:
$code .= sprintf("\"%s\"", $generator["char"]);
break;
default:
$code .= $generator["char"];
}
}
return $code;
}
private function replace(string $char) {
return str_replace("+", ".", $char);
}
private function lexerIterator(array $tokens) {
foreach ($tokens as $index => $token) {
yield $token;
}
}
}
三、如何使用
require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php";
// 定义一段代码
$code = <<<EOF
姓名="腕豪";
问候="你好啊";
地址=(1+2) * 3;
如果(地址 > 3){
地址=1;
}否则{
地址="艾欧尼亚"
}
说话 = ("我"+"爱")+"你";
返回 姓名+年龄;
EOF;
$lexer = new Lexer($code);
// 自定义你的关键字
$kwMap = [
"如果" => "if", "否则" => "else", "返回" => "return", "否则如果" => "elseif"
];
$lexer->setKeywordList($kwMap);
// 这里是生成的词
$tokens = $lexer->parseInput();
// 将生成的词转成php,当然你也可以尝试用php-parse转ast再转成php，这里只是简单的拼接
var_dump($lexer->convert($tokens));
生成词
[{
"type": "variable",
"char": "姓名",
"pos": 2
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "=",
"pos": 2
}, {
"type": "string",
"char": "腕豪",
"pos": 7
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ";",
"pos": 8
}, {
"type": "variable",
"char": "问候",
"pos": 13
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "=",
"pos": 13
}, {
"typ e": "string",
"char": "你好啊",
"pos": 17
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ";",
"pos": 18
}, {
"type": "variable",
"char": "地址",
"pos": 23
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "=",
"pos": 23
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "(",
"pos": 24
}, {
"type": "integer",
"char": "1",
"pos": 25
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": " +",
"pos": 26
}, {
"type": "integer",
"char": "2",
"pos": 27
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ")",
"pos": 28
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "*",
"pos": 30
}, {
"type": "integer",
"char": "3",
"pos": 32
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ";",
"pos": 33
}, {
"type": "keyword",
"char": "如果",
"pos": 37
}, {
"type": "nul l",
"char": " ",
"pos": 38
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "(",
"pos": 38
}, {
"type": "variable",
"char": "地址",
"pos": 41
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ">",
"pos": 42
}, {
"type": "integer",
"char": "3",
"pos": 44
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ")",
"pos": 45
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "{",
"pos": 46
}, {
"type": "variable",
"char": "地址",
"pos": 55
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "=",
"pos": 55
}, {
"type": "integer",
"char": "1",
"pos": 56
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ";",
"pos": 57
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "}",
"pos": 60
}, {
"type": "keyword",
"char": "否则",
"pos": 62
}, {
"type": "null",
"char ": " ",
"pos": 63
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "{",
"pos": 63
}, {
"type": "variable",
"char": "地址",
"pos": 72
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "=",
"pos": 72
}, {
"type": "string",
"char": "艾欧尼亚",
"pos": 78
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ";",
"pos": 79
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "}",
"pos": 82
}, {
"type": "variable",
"char": "说话",
"pos": 87
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "=",
"pos": 88
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "(",
"pos": 90
}, {
"type": "string",
"char": "我",
"pos": 93
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "+",
"pos": 94
}, {
"type": "string",
"char": "爱",
"pos": 97
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ")",
"pos": 98
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": "+",
"pos": 99
}, {
"type": "string",
"char": "你",
"pos": 102
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ";",
"pos": 103
}, {
"type": "keyword",
"char": "返回",
"pos": 107
}, {
"type": "null",
"char": " ",
"pos": 108
}, {
"type": "variable",
"char": "姓名",
"pos": 111
}, {
"typ e": "operator",
"char": "+",
"pos": 111
}, {
"type": "variable",
"char": "年龄",
"pos": 114
}, {
"type": "operator",
"char": ";",
"pos": 114
}]
输出：
$姓名="腕豪";$问候="你好啊";$地址=(1.2)*3;if ($地址>3){$地址=1;}else {$地址="艾欧尼亚";}$说话=("我"."爱")."你";return $姓名.$年龄;
能执行吗？当然能。还存在一些小 bug，不想改了。
四、使用场景
什么，居然有人说没什么用？oa 系统总有用到的时候。
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