Go实现分布式系统高可用限流器实战

// 采用channel作为底层数据结构，从而达到阻塞的获取和使用信号量
type Semaphore struct {
	innerChan chan struct{}
}
// 初始化信号量，本质初始化一个channel，channel的初始化大小为 信号量数值
func NewSemaphore(num uint64) *Semaphore {
	return &Semaphore{
		innerChan: make(chan struct{}, num),
	}
}
// 获取信号量，本质是 向channel放入元素，如果同时有很多协程并发获取信号量，则channel则会full阻塞，从而达到控制并发协程数的目的，也即是信号量的控制
func (s *Semaphore) Acquire() {
	for {
		select {
		case s.innerChan <- struct{}{}:
			return
		default:
			log.Error("semaphore acquire is blocking")
			time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
		}
	}
}
// 释放信号量 本质是 从channel中获取元素，由于有acquire的放入元素，所以此处一定能回去到元素 也就能释放成功，default只要是出于安全编程的目的
func (s *Semaphore) Release() {
	select {
	case <-s.innerChan:
		return
	default:
		return
	}
}

// 此处截取自研的熔断器代码中的限流实现，这是非阻塞的实现
func (sp *servicePanel) incLimit() error {
	// 如果大于限制的条件则返回错误
	if sp.currentLimitCount.Load() > sp.currLimitFunc(nil) {
		return ErrCurrentLimit
	}
	sp.currentLimitCount.Inc()
	return nil
}
func (sp *servicePanel) clearLimit() {
	// 定期每秒重置计数器，从而达到每秒限制的并发数
	// 比如限制1000req/s，在这里指每秒清理1000的计数值
// 令牌桶是定期放，这里是逆思维，每秒清空，实现不仅占用内存低而且效率高
	t := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
	for {
		select {
		case <-t.C:
			sp.currentLimitCount.Store(0)
		}
	}
}

func (sp *servicePanel) incLimit() error {
	// 如果大于1则返回错误
	if sp.currentLimitCount.Load() > 1 {
		return ErrCurrentLimit
	}
	sp.currentLimitCount.Inc()
	return nil
}
func (sp *servicePanel) clearLimit() {
	// 1s除以每秒限流个数
	t := time.NewTicker(time.Second/time.Duration(sp.currLimitFunc(nil)))
	for {
		select {
		case <-t.C:
			sp.currentLimitCount.Store(0)
		}
	}
}

#第一版本
go get github.com/uber-go/ratelimit@v0.1.0
#改进版本
go get github.com/uber-go/ratelimit@master

func ExampleRatelimit() {
	rl := ratelimit.New(100) // per second
	prev := time.Now()
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		now := rl.Take()
		if i > 0 {
			fmt.Println(i, now.Sub(prev))
		}
		prev = now
	}
}

// New returns a Limiter that will limit to the given RPS.
func New(rate int, opts ...Option) Limiter {
	l := &limiter{
		perRequest: time.Second / time.Duration(rate),
		maxSlack:   -10 * time.Second / time.Duration(rate),
	}
	for _, opt := range opts {
		opt(l)
	}
	if l.clock == nil {
		l.clock = clock.New()
	}
	return l
}

// Take blocks to ensure that the time spent between multiple
// Take calls is on average time.Second/rate.
func (t *limiter) Take() time.Time {
	t.Lock()
	defer t.Unlock()
	now := t.clock.Now()
	// If this is our first request, then we allow it.
	if t.last.IsZero() {
		t.last = now
		return t.last
	}
	// sleepFor calculates how much time we should sleep based on
	// the perRequest budget and how long the last request took.
	// Since the request may take longer than the budget, this number
	// can get negative, and is summed across requests.
	t.sleepFor += t.perRequest - now.Sub(t.last)
	// We shouldn't allow sleepFor to get too negative, since it would mean that
	// a service that slowed down a lot for a short period of time would get
	// a much higher RPS following that.
	if t.sleepFor < t.maxSlack {
		t.sleepFor = t.maxSlack
	}
	// If sleepFor is positive, then we should sleep now.
	if t.sleepFor > 0 {
		t.clock.Sleep(t.sleepFor)
		t.last = now.Add(t.sleepFor)
		t.sleepFor = 0
	} else {
		t.last = now
	}
	return t.last
}

// Take blocks to ensure that the time spent between multiple
// Take calls is on average time.Second/rate.
func (t *limiter) Take() time.Time {
	newState := state{}
	taken := false
	for !taken {
		now := t.clock.Now()
		previousStatePointer := atomic.LoadPointer(&t.state)
		oldState := (*state)(previousStatePointer)
		newState = state{}
		newState.last = now
		// If this is our first request, then we allow it.
		if oldState.last.IsZero() {
			taken = atomic.CompareAndSwapPointer(&t.state, previousStatePointer, unsafe.Pointer(&newState))
			continue
		}
		// sleepFor calculates how much time we should sleep based on
		// the perRequest budget and how long the last request took.
		// Since the request may take longer than the budget, this number
		// can get negative, and is summed across requests.
		newState.sleepFor += t.perRequest - now.Sub(oldState.last)
		// We shouldn't allow sleepFor to get too negative, since it would mean that
		// a service that slowed down a lot for a short period of time would get
		// a much higher RPS following that.
		if newState.sleepFor < t.maxSlack {
			newState.sleepFor = t.maxSlack
		}
		if newState.sleepFor > 0 {
			newState.last = newState.last.Add(newState.sleepFor)
		}
		taken = atomic.CompareAndSwapPointer(&t.state, previousStatePointer, unsafe.Pointer(&newState))
	}
	t.clock.Sleep(newState.sleepFor)
	return newState.last
}