XPath函数示例:提供一些使用XPath函数的实际示例,包括从文档中选择特定的元素、计算元素值的总和、提取文本数据等。

2023-04-17 00:00:00 函数 示例 元素
  1. 选择特定的元素

假设我们有以下XML文档:

<catalog>
  <book id="001">
    <title>The Great Gatsby</title>
    <author>F. Scott Fitzgerald</author>
    <year>1925</year>
  </book>
  <book id="002">
    <title>To Kill a Mockingbird</title>
    <author>Harper Lee</author>
    <year>1960</year>
  </book>
  <book id="003">
    <title>1984</title>
    <author>George Orwell</author>
    <year>1949</year>
  </book>
</catalog>

我们想要选择 id 属性值为 002 的书籍元素。使用XPath函数 @ 可以选择属性,如下所示:

/catalog/book[@id="002"]

上述XPath表达式将选择以下元素:

<book id="002">
    <title>To Kill a Mockingbird</title>
    <author>Harper Lee</author>
    <year>1960</year>
</book>
  1. 计算元素值的总和

假设我们有以下XML文档:

<numbers>
  <number>10</number>
  <number>20</number>
  <number>30</number>
</numbers>

我们想要计算所有 number 元素的值的总和。使用XPath函数 sum() 可以实现该功能,如下所示:

sum(/numbers/number)

上述XPath表达式将返回 60

  1. 提取文本数据

假设我们有以下XML文档:

<story>
  <intro>Welcome to pidancode.com</intro>
  <chapter>
    <title>Chapter 1: Introduction</title>
    <paragraph>皮蛋编程 is a website that offers free tutorials on various programming languages and technologies.</paragraph>
    <paragraph>Whether you are a beginner or an experienced programmer, you can find valuable resources on our website.</paragraph>
  </chapter>
  <chapter>
    <title>Chapter 2: Getting Started with Python</title>
    <paragraph>In this chapter, we will introduce the basics of Python programming and show you how to write your first Python program.</paragraph>
    <paragraph>By the end of the chapter, you will have a good understanding of Python syntax and be ready to tackle more advanced topics.</paragraph>
  </chapter>
</story>

我们想要提取第二个 chapter 元素中的第一个 paragraph 元素的文本数据。使用XPath函数 text() 可以提取元素的文本数据,如下所示:

/story/chapter[2]/paragraph[1]/text()

上述XPath表达式将返回:

In this chapter, we will introduce the basics of Python programming and show you how to write your first Python program.

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