Python中的代理IP池实现方法
Python中实现代理IP池的步骤如下:
- 导入必要的库
使用Python实现代理IP池,需要导入requests、bs4和random库。其中,requests库用于发送http请求,bs4库用于解析html文档,random库用于随机选择代理IP。
import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import random
- 获取代理IP
使用requests库发送get请求,获得代理IP网站的html文档,然后使用bs4库解析html文档,提取出其中所有代理IP信息。解析出来的代理IP信息保存在一个列表proxy_list中,每个元素都是一个字典,包含了代理IP和端口号。
url = "http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/" headers = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3"} html = requests.get(url, headers=headers) soup = BeautifulSoup(html.content, 'html.parser') proxy_list = [] for tr in soup.find_all('tr', class_=''): tds = tr.find_all('td') if len(tds) > 3: ip = tds[1].text.strip() port = tds[2].text.strip() protocol = tds[5].text.strip().lower() proxy_list.append({'ip': ip, 'port': port, 'protocol': protocol})
- 随机选择代理IP
从proxy_list中随机选择一个代理IP,并使用requests库的proxies参数将其添加到http请求中。如果请求失败(如超时或返回码不是200),则将该代理IP从列表proxy_list中删除,继续使用下一个代理IP。
while True: proxy_index = random.randint(0, len(proxy_list) - 1) proxy_ip = proxy_list[proxy_index] proxy = {proxy_ip['protocol']: proxy_ip['ip'] + ":" + proxy_ip['port']} try: response = requests.get("http://pidancode.com/", proxies=proxy, timeout=3) if response.status_code == 200: print(response.text) break else: proxy_list.remove(proxy_ip) except: proxy_list.remove(proxy_ip)
完整代码:
import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import random url = "http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/" headers = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3"} html = requests.get(url, headers=headers) soup = BeautifulSoup(html.content, 'html.parser') proxy_list = [] for tr in soup.find_all('tr', class_=''): tds = tr.find_all('td') if len(tds) > 3: ip = tds[1].text.strip() port = tds[2].text.strip() protocol = tds[5].text.strip().lower() proxy_list.append({'ip': ip, 'port': port, 'protocol': protocol}) while True: proxy_index = random.randint(0, len(proxy_list) - 1) proxy_ip = proxy_list[proxy_index] proxy = {proxy_ip['protocol']: proxy_ip['ip'] + ":" + proxy_ip['port']} try: response = requests.get("http://pidancode.com/", proxies=proxy, timeout=3) if response.status_code == 200: print(response.text) break else: proxy_list.remove(proxy_ip) except: proxy_list.remove(proxy_ip)
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