使用Python实现MongoDB数据备份和恢复的脚本

from pymongo import MongoClient
import os
import datetime
import tarfile

# MongoDB数据库连接参数
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')

# 数据库名称和集合名称
dbname = 'testdb'
collectionname = 'testcollection'

# 数据备份目录
backupdir = '/data/backups/mongodb'

# 备份数据到Tar文件
def backup():
    # 获取当前时间作为备份文件名
    currenttime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
    filename = "mongodb_backup_" + currenttime + ".tar.gz"

    # 创建备份目录
    if not os.path.exists(backupdir):
        os.makedirs(backupdir)

    # 创建Tar文件
    with tarfile.open(os.path.join(backupdir, filename), "w:gz") as tar:
        # 获取数据库数据
        db = client[dbname]
        collection = db[collectionname]
        data = collection.find()

        # 写入数据到Tar文件
        for item in data:
            tarinfo = tarfile.TarInfo(os.path.join(dbname, collectionname, str(item['_id']) + '.json'))
            tarinfo.size = len(str(item))
            tar.addfile(tarinfo, fileobj = None)

    print("Backup completed, file saved at " + os.path.join(backupdir, filename))

# 恢复数据
def restore(backupfile):
    # 提取备份文件到临时目录
    with tarfile.open(backupfile, "r:gz") as tar:
        tar.extractall(path="/tmp")

    # 获取临时文件夹下的备份数据
    tempdir = os.path.join("/tmp", dbname, collectionname)
    files = os.listdir(tempdir)
    data = []
    for file in files:
        with open(os.path.join(tempdir, file)) as f:
            content = f.read()
            data.append(content)

    # 插入数据到MongoDB
    db = client[dbname]
    collection = db[collectionname]
    collection.insert_many(data)

    print("Restore completed")

# 备份数据
backup()

# 恢复数据
restore(os.path.join(backupdir, "mongodb_backup_20220205211435.tar.gz"))