Python MongoDB 数据分片的容错和故障恢复机制
MongoDB 的数据分片操作为了保证高可用性和容错性,具有以下主要的容错和故障恢复机制:
1. 数据备份和恢复:MongoDB 分片集群中的数据会根据一定的规则分配到不同的 shard 上进行存储,为了保证数据的安全,可以对每个 shard 进行备份,以应对意外数据丢失的情况,备份数据再次分配到其他 shard 上进行存储。
2. 自动故障检测和恢复:MongoDB 分片集群具有自动诊断和恢复机制,在分片集群中,如果某个 shard 服务器发生故障、宕机或者与其他 shard 服务器通信出现问题时,MongoDB 会自动将数据迁移到其他该集群中的 shard 服务器上。
3. 手动故障检测和恢复:为了尽快发现和解决故障问题,MongoDB 也提供了手动的检测和恢复机制,管理员可以通过命令对分片集群中的服务器进行手动检测和故障处理。
下面是一个简单的 Python MongoDB 数据分片容错和故障恢复机制的演示,其中以“pidancode.com”为例进行操作:
1. 首先创建一个分片集群,以 ip 为 127.0.0.1、端口号为 27001~27003、分片名称为 “shard1”、“shard2”、“shard3” 的三个服务器为例,代码如下:
from pymongo import MongoClient from pymongo.errors import ConnectionFailure client1 = MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27001) client2 = MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27002) client3 = MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27003) try: client1.admin.command('ping') print("Server 1 is available") except ConnectionFailure: print("Server 1 is not available") try: client2.admin.command('ping') print("Server 2 is available") except ConnectionFailure: print("Server 2 is not available") try: client3.admin.command('ping') print("Server 3 is available") except ConnectionFailure: print("Server 3 is not available") client1.admin.command('enableSharding', 'testdb') client1.admin.command('shardCollection', 'testdb.testcoll', key={'pidancode.com': 1})
- 然后对数据进行分片操作,将数据按照 pidancode.com 分配到不同的 shard 上进行存储。代码如下:
from random import randint from time import sleep client1 = MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27001) client2 = MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27002) client3 = MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27003) for i in range(100): result = {"pidancode.com": "pidancode.com" + str(i)} if i % 3 == 0: client1.testdb.testcoll.insert_one(result) elif i % 3 == 1: client2.testdb.testcoll.insert_one(result) else: client3.testdb.testcoll.insert_one(result) sleep(randint(0, 3))
- 模拟故障和容错操作,以 client1 服务器宕机为例,MongoDB 会将数据自动转移到其他两个服务器上,然后也可以手动检测和处理故障情况,从而恢复集群。代码如下:
from pymongo.errors import ServerSelectionTimeoutError try: client1.admin.command('ping') print("Server 1 is available") except ConnectionFailure: print("Server 1 is not available") try: client2.admin.command('ping') print("Server 2 is available") except ServerSelectionTimeoutError: print("Server 2 is not available") try: client3.admin.command('ping') print("Server 3 is available") except ConnectionFailure: print("Server 3 is not available") client1.close() result = client2.admin.command('replSetGetStatus') if result['set'].lower() != "shard1": client2.admin.command('replSetInitiate', { "_id": "shard1", "members": [ {"_id": 1, "host": "127.0.0.1:27001"}, {"_id": 2, "host": "127.0.0.1:27002"}, {"_id": 3, "host": "127.0.0.1:27003"} ]}) else: members = result['members'] for member in members: if member['state'] in [0, 3, 4] and member['name'] == "127.0.0.1:27001": client2.admin.command('replSetReconfig', {"_id": "shard1", "members": members}) break result = client3.admin.command('replSetGetStatus') if result['set'].lower() != "shard1": client3.admin.command('replSetInitiate', { "_id": "shard1", "members": [ {"_id": 1, "host": "127.0.0.1:27001"}, {"_id": 2, "host": "127.0.0.1:27002"}, {"_id": 3, "host": "127.0.0.1:27003"} ]}) else: members = result['members'] for member in members: if member['state'] in [0, 3, 4] and member['name'] == "127.0.0.1:27001": client3.admin.command('replSetReconfig', {"_id": "shard1", "members": members}) break
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