使用关联数组替换字符串中的多个单词,保持原始大小写不变

2022-03-22 00:00:00 string regex php preg-replace

我要将数组与文本字符串进行匹配,其中与数组键匹配的单词将替换为具有匹配数组值的标题的SPAN标记。

我可以使用str_iplace执行此操作,但是匹配的单词会丢失大小写:

$glossary = array(
    'word1' => '<span title="Explanation for Word 1">word1</span>',
    'word2' => '<span title="Explanation for Word 2">word2</span>',
    'word3' => '<span title="Explanation for Word 3">word3</span>'
);

$text = "This is a text about Word1. We also talk about word2 and WORD3. Also woRd3, word2 and WORD1";

list($keys, $values) = array_divide($glossary);

$result = str_ireplace($keys, $values, $text);

如前所述,这是可行的,但在此解决方案中,所有匹配词都将为小写。

我要实现的目标是:

'This is a text about <span title="Explanation for Word 1">Word1</span>. 
We also talk about <span title="Explanation for Word 2">word2</span> and
<span title="Explanation for Word 3">WORD3</span>.
Also <span title="Explanation for Word 3">woRd3</span>, 
<span title="Explanation for Word 2">word2</span>
and <span title="Explanation for Word 1">WORD1</span>'

进行更换并保持机箱完好无损。

我发现了一个很棒的回复,很接近,但它只在匹配的单词周围添加span标记才有效,它不会为标题添加第二个变量(php str_ireplace without losing case)。

我不知道足够多的正则表达式(它让我眼花缭乱),无法通过为span标题添加第二个变量来更改它:

$txt = 'Hi! How are you doing? Have some stars: * * *!';
$array_of_words = array('Hi!', 'stars', '*');

$pattern = '#(?<=^|W)(' 
       . implode('|', array_map('preg_quote', $array_of_words))
       . ')(?=$|W)#i';

echo preg_replace($pattern, 
      "<span style='background-color:#EEEE00'>$1</span>", $txt);

php>

您可以使用一些常用的推荐答案函数来实现。

  1. 从您的keys创建一个模式数组,以便使用preg_replace_callback以不区分大小写的方式进行搜索。

  2. $glossary传递给preg_replace_callback中的匿名函数,并根据当前匹配值的小写获取值(<span>标题),找到后,将小写的wordX替换为匹配。

这是PHP code:

$pttrns = array_map(function ($val) {return "/" . preg_quote($val) . "/i"; },
                  array_keys($glossary));                                    // Step 1
$res = preg_replace_callback($pttrns, function ($m) use($glossary){          // Step 2
    return str_replace(strtolower($m[0]), $m[0],              
                                     $glossary[strtolower($m[0])]);         // Step 3
}, $text);

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