在单元测试中比较词典时,如何忽略某些值?

2022-05-17 00:00:00 python python-unittest

问题描述

我想断言两个字典是相等的,使用的是Python的unittest,但忽略了字典中某些键的值,语法如下:

from unittest import TestCase

class Example(TestCase):
    def test_example(self):
        result = foobar()
        self.assertEqual(
            result,
            {
                "name": "John Smith",
                "year_of_birth": 1980,
                "image_url": ignore(), # how to do this?
                "unique_id": ignore(), #
            },
        )

明确地说,我想检查所有四个键是否都存在,并且我想检查"name""year_of_birth"、(但不是"image_url""unique_id")的值,并且我想检查其他键是否不存在。

我知道我可以在这里将result修改为"image_url""unique_id"的键-值对,但我想要更方便的内容,而不修改原始词典。

(灵感来自Perl 5的Test::Deep。)


解决方案

有一个unittest.mock.ANY等同于一切。

from unittest import TestCase
import unittest.mock as mock

class Example(TestCase):
    def test_happy_path(self):
        result = {
            "name": "John Smith",
            "year_of_birth": 1980,
            "image_url": 42,
            "unique_id": 'foo'
        }
        self.assertEqual(
            result,
            {
                "name": "John Smith",
                "year_of_birth": 1980,
                "image_url": mock.ANY,
                "unique_id": mock.ANY
            }
        )

    def test_missing_key(self):
        result = {
            "name": "John Smith",
            "year_of_birth": 1980,
            "unique_id": 'foo'
        }
        self.assertNotEqual(
            result,
            {
                "name": "John Smith",
                "year_of_birth": 1980,
                "image_url": mock.ANY,
                "unique_id": mock.ANY
            }
        )

    def test_extra_key(self):
        result = {
            "name": "John Smith",
            "year_of_birth": 1980,
            "image_url": 42,
            "unique_id": 'foo',
            "maiden_name": 'Doe'
        }
        self.assertNotEqual(
            result,
            {
                "name": "John Smith",
                "year_of_birth": 1980,
                "image_url": mock.ANY,
                "unique_id": mock.ANY
            }
        )

    def test_wrong_value(self):
        result = {
            "name": "John Smith",
            "year_of_birth": 1918,
            "image_url": 42,
            "unique_id": 'foo'
        }
        self.assertNotEqual(
            result,
            {
                "name": "John Smith",
                "year_of_birth": 1980,
                "image_url": mock.ANY,
                "unique_id": mock.ANY
            }
        )

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