使用python将EXCEL文件附加到电子邮件中

问题描述

我试图通过电子邮件发送一个Excel文件，但不知何故格式和文本被更改了。我使用的是python3和MIMEMultipart()。

message = MIMEMultipart()
message["From"] = sender_email
message["To"] = receiver_email
message["Subject"] = subject
message.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain"))

filename = "file_name.xlsx"  # In same directory as script
# Open PDF file in binary mode
with open(filename, 'r') as attachment:
    part = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")
    part.set_payload(attachment.read())

encoders.encode_base64(part)
message.attach(part)
text = message.as_string()

# Log in to server using secure context and send email
context = ssl.create_default_context()
with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, 465 , context=context) as server:
    server.login(sender_email, password)
    server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, text)

---

解决方案

注释错误；您没有以二进制模式('rb')打开文件，因此基本上是在损坏它

根据我对your previous question的回答，这里是您的代码的重构版本，以使用现代的、Python3.6+EmailMessage库。

from email.message import EmailMessage

... 
message = EmailMessage()
message["From"] = sender_email
message["To"] = receiver_email
message["Subject"] = subject
message.set_content(body, 'plain')

# The OS will look in the current working directory, not in the directory where you saved the script
filename = "file_name.xlsx"
# Notice 'rb'
with open(filename, 'rb') as attachment:
    message.add_attachment(
        attachment.read(),
        maintype='application', subtype='octet-stream')

# AGAIN, no need for a context if you are just using the default SSL
with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, 465) as server:
    server.login(sender_email, password)
    # AGAIN, prefer the modern send_message method
    server.send_message(message)

正如您所注意到的，与来自Python3.5或更早版本的较旧的Email.MessageAPI相比，它的样板要少得多。

一种常见的安排是具有具有正文文本和附件的multipart/related消息，但是正文文本表示为具有text/plain和text/html呈现的multipart/alternative结构。如果您想要这样做，email module documentation's examples page中的&Quot；ASTOUUS&QOOT；示例包含了一个演示这一点的配方(尽管它还包含一个图像而不是二进制附件，并将其内联显示在HTML附件中)。

从长远来看，您最好选择一种不像Excel那样笨重的格式来共享数据。如果它只是一个表格，CSV文本文件将小得多，并且更容易在接收端进行处理。(如果您确实发送了Excel，则可能实际使用其指定的MIME类型，而不是泛型application/octet-stream。)