运维工程师必会实用Linux命令有哪些

Linux is a popular operating system that is widely used in servers, workstations and personal computers. Many system administrators and power users prefer to use Linux because of its stability, security and flexibility.

There are many different Linux distributions available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some of the most popular Linux distributions include Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Red Hat and SUSE.

Linux is a very versatile operating system and can be used for a wide variety of tasks. However, it is often said that Linux is only suitable for experienced users. This is because Linux can be very complex and difficult to use for beginners.

If you are new to Linux, it is important to learn the basics before you try to use it for anything serious. In this article, we will show you some of the most important Linux commands that every Linux user should know.

1. ls

The ls command is one of the most basic and commonly used Linux commands. It is used to list the contents of a directory.

For example, if you want to list the contents of the /etc directory, you can use the following command:

ls /etc

This command will list all the files and directories in the /etc directory.

2. cd

The cd command is used to change the current working directory.

For example, if you want to change the current working directory to the /etc directory, you can use the following command:

cd /etc

3. mkdir

The mkdir command is used to create a new directory.

For example, if you want to create a new directory named /tmp/test, you can use the following command:

mkdir /tmp/test

4. rmdir

The rmdir command is used to delete an empty directory.

For example, if you want to delete the /tmp/test directory, you can use the following command:

rmdir /tmp/test

5. cp

The cp command is used to copy files and directories.

For example, if you want to copy the /etc/passwd file to the /tmp directory, you can use the following command:

cp /etc/passwd /tmp

6. mv

The mv command is used to move or rename files and directories.

For example, if you want to rename the /etc/passwd file to /etc/passwd.bak, you can use the following command:

mv /etc/passwd /etc/passwd.bak

7. rm

The rm command is used to delete files and directories.

For example, if you want to delete the /etc/passwd.bak file, you can use the following command:

rm /etc/passwd.bak

8. chmod

The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories.

For example, if you want to change the /etc/passwd file so that it can be read and written by all users, you can use the following command:

chmod a+rw /etc/passwd

9. chown

The chown command is used to change the owner of a file or directory.

For example, if you want to change the owner of the /etc/passwd file to the user root, you can use the following command:

chown root /etc/passwd

10. find

The find command is used to search for files and directories.

For example, if you want to find all the files in the /etc directory that contain the word “passwd”, you can use the following command:

find /etc -name “*passwd*”

11. grep

The grep command is used to search for text patterns in files.

For example, if you want to find all the lines in the /etc/passwd file that contain the word “root”, you can use the following command:

grep root /etc/passwd

12. ps

The ps command is used to list the processes that are running on a system.

For example, if you want to list all the processes that are running on the system, you can use the following command:

ps

13. top

The top command is used to display information about the most CPU-intensive processes.

For example, if you want to see the top 10 processes that are using the most CPU, you can use the following command:

top -n 10

14. kill

The kill command is used to kill processes.

For example, if you want to kill the process with the PID 1234, you can use the following command:

kill 1234

15. shutdown

The shutdown command is used to shutdown or reboot a system.

For example, if you want to shutdown the system immediately, you can use the following command:

shutdown -h now

These are just some of the most important Linux commands that every Linux user should know. Of course, there are many other commands that you can use to perform various tasks. However, these commands should be enough to get you started.