怎么用SpringCloud实现文件上传功能
本篇内容介绍了“怎么用SpringCloud实现文件上传功能”的有关知识,在实际案例的操作过程中,不少人都会遇到这样的困境,接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧!希望大家仔细阅读,能够学有所成!
搭建项目
创建SpringCloud项目
添加依赖
我们需要EurekaClient和web依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>leyou</artifactId>
<groupId>com.leyou.parent</groupId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.leyou.service</groupId>
<artifactId>ly-upload</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
编写配置
server:
port: 8082
spring:
application:
name: upload-service
servlet:
multipart:
max-file-size: 5MB # 限制文件上传的大小
# Eureka
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
instance:
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5 # 每隔5秒发送一次心跳
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10 # 10秒不发送就过期
prefer-ip-address: true
ip-address: 127.0.0.1
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port}
需要注意的是,我们应该添加了限制文件大小的配置
2.1.4.启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class LyUploadService {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(LyUploadService.class, args);
}
}
结构:
编写上传功能
controller
编写controller需要知道4个内容:
请求方式:上传肯定是POST
请求路径:/upload/image
请求参数:文件,参数名是file,SpringMVC会封装为一个接口:MultipleFile
返回结果:上传成功后得到的文件的url路径
代码如下:
package com.leyou.upload.web;
import com.leyou.upload.service.UploadService;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("upload")
public class UploadController {
@Autowired
private UploadService uploadService;
/**
* 上传图片功能
* @param file
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("image")
public ResponseEntity<String> uploadImage(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file){
String url = uploadService.uploadImage(file);
if(StringUtils.isBlank(url)){
// url为空,证明上传失败
return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
}
// 返回200,并且携带url路径
return ResponseEntity.ok(url);
}
}
service
在上传文件过程中,我们需要对上传的内容进行校验:
校验文件大小
校验文件的媒体类型
校验文件的内容
文件大小在Spring的配置文件中设置,因此已经会被校验,我们不用管。
具体代码:
package com.leyou.upload.service;
import com.leyou.common.enums.ExceptionEnum;
import com.leyou.common.exception.LyException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class UploadService {
private static final List<String> ALLOW_TYPES = Arrays.asList("image/png", "image/jpeg", "image/bmg");
public String uploadImage(MultipartFile file) {
try {
//校验文件类型
String contentType = file.getContentType();
if(!ALLOW_TYPES.contains(contentType)){
throw new LyException(ExceptionEnum.INVALID_FILE_TYPE);
}
//校验文件的内容
BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(file.getInputStream());
if(image == null){
throw new LyException(ExceptionEnum.INVALID_FILE_TYPE);
}
//准备目标路径
File dest = new File("E:黑马程序员57期9 微服务电商【黑马乐优商城】upload",file.getOriginalFilename());
file.transferTo(dest);
//返回路径
return "http://image.leyou.com/"+file.getOriginalFilename();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("上传文件失败",e);
throw new LyException(ExceptionEnum.UPLOAD_FILE_ERROR);
}
}
}
这里有一个问题:为什么图片地址需要使用另外的url?
图片不能保存在服务器内部,这样会对服务器产生额外的加载负担
一般静态资源都应该使用独立域名,这样访问静态资源时不会携带一些不必要的cookie,减小请求的数据量
测试上传
我们通过RestClient工具来测试:
结果:
去目录下查看:
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