PHP 替换特殊字符,如 à->a、è->e
我有 php 文档 signup.php,它将表单(在 form.php 文档中)的内容保存到 MySQL 基础.当我想重新格式化输入内容时会出现问题.我想解码 UTF-8 字符,如 à->a.
I have php document signup.php which save the content from form (in form.php document) to MySQL base. The problem arises when I want to reformat the input content. I want do decode UTF-8 charachters like à->a.
$first_name=$_POST['first_name'];
$last_name=$_POST['last_name'];
$course=$_POST['course'];
$chain="prêt-à-porter";
$pattern = array("'é'", "'è'", "'ë'", "'ê'", "'É'", "'È'", "'Ë'", "'Ê'", "'á'", "'à'", "'ä'", "'â'", "'å'", "'Á'", "'À'", "'Ä'", "'Â'", "'Å'", "'ó'", "'ò'", "'ö'", "'ô'", "'Ó'", "'Ò'", "'Ö'", "'Ô'", "'í'", "'ì'", "'ï'", "'î'", "'Í'", "'Ì'", "'Ï'", "'Î'", "'ú'", "'ù'", "'ü'", "'û'", "'Ú'", "'Ù'", "'Ü'", "'Û'", "'ý'", "'ÿ'", "'Ý'", "'ø'", "'Ø'", "'œ'", "'Œ'", "'Æ'", "'ç'", "'Ç'");
$replace = array('e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'I', 'I', 'I', 'I', 'I', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'U', 'U', 'U', 'U', 'y', 'y', 'Y', 'o', 'O', 'a', 'A', 'A', 'c', 'C');
$chain = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $chain);
echo $chain; // print pret-a-porter
$first_name = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $first_name);
echo $first_name; // does not change the input!?!
为什么它对 $chain 非常有效,但对 $first_name 或 $last_name 不起作用?
Why it works perfectly for $chain, but for $first_name or $last_name doesnt work?
我也试试
echo $first_name; // print áááááábéééééébšššš
$trans = array("á" => "a", "é" => "e", "š" => "s");
echo strtr("áááááábéééééébšššš", $trans); // print aaaaaabeeeeeebssss
echo strtr($first_name,$trans); // print áááááábéééééébšššš
但正如你所见,问题是一样的!
but the problem, as you can see, is same!
推荐答案
有一个更简单的方法,使用 iconv
- 从用户注释来看,这似乎是你想要做的: 字符音译
There's a much easier way to do this, using iconv
- from the user notes, this seems to be what you want to do: characters transliteration
// PHP.net User notes
<?php
$string = "ʿABBĀSĀBĀD";
echo iconv('UTF-8', 'ISO-8859-1//TRANSLIT', $string);
// output: [nothing, and you get a notice]
echo iconv('UTF-8', 'ISO-8859-1//IGNORE', $string);
// output: ABBSBD
echo iconv('UTF-8', 'ISO-8859-1//TRANSLIT//IGNORE', $string);
// output: ABBASABAD
// Yay! That's what I wanted!
?>
要非常认真地处理您的字符编码,以便在流程的所有阶段保持相同的编码 - 前端、表单提交、源文件的编码.PHP 和表单中的默认编码是 ISO-8859-1,在 PHP 5.4 之前它更改为 UTF8(终于!).
Be very conscientious with your character encodings, so you are keeping the same encoding at all stages in the process - front end, form submission, encoding of the source files. Default encoding in PHP and in forms is ISO-8859-1, before PHP 5.4 where it changed to be UTF8 (finally!).
有几个函数可以让您发挥创意.第一个来自 CakePHP 的 inflector 类,叫做 slug
:
There's a couple of functions you can play around with for ideas. First is from CakePHP's inflector class, called slug
:
public static function slug($string, $replacement = '_') {
$quotedReplacement = preg_quote($replacement, '/');
$merge = array(
'/[^sp{Ll}p{Lm}p{Lo}p{Lt}p{Lu}p{Nd}]/mu' => ' ',
'/\s+/' => $replacement,
sprintf('/^[%s]+|[%s]+$/', $quotedReplacement, $quotedReplacement) => '',
);
$map = self::$_transliteration + $merge;
return preg_replace(array_keys($map), array_values($map), $string);
}
这取决于 self::$_transliteration
数组,它与您在问题中所做的类似 - 您可以 查看 github 上的 inflector 源.
It depends on a self::$_transliteration
array which is similar to what you were doing in your question - you can see the source for inflector on github.
另一个是我个人使用的一个函数,它来自这里.
Another is a function I use personally, which comes from here.
function slugify($text,$strict = false) {
$text = html_entity_decode($text, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
// replace non letter or digits by -
$text = preg_replace('~[^\pLd.]+~u', '-', $text);
// trim
$text = trim($text, '-');
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'en_GB.utf8');
// transliterate
if (function_exists('iconv')) {
$text = iconv('utf-8', 'us-ascii//TRANSLIT', $text);
}
// lowercase
$text = strtolower($text);
// remove unwanted characters
$text = preg_replace('~[^-w.]+~', '', $text);
if (empty($text)) {
return 'empty_$';
}
if ($strict) {
$text = str_replace(".", "_", $text);
}
return $text;
}
这些函数的作用是从任意文本音译和创建slugs"输入,这是制作 Web 应用程序时工具箱中非常有用的东西.希望这会有所帮助!
What those functions do is transliterate and create 'slugs' from arbitrary text input, which is a very very useful thing to have in your toolchest when making web apps. Hope this helps!
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