PHP MVC:控制器中的依赖项太多?

• The constructor injection is the proper option. But it seemed to me that, following this line, I'll end up with too many dependencies/arguments in constructors. Therefore giving controllers too many responsibilities (reading the requested values, changing the state of the domain objects, logging operations, requesting the view to load the templates and to render the data, etc).
• Setter injection was also a solution to take in consideration. But, in the course of the developing time on my project, I realised that this solution really didn't fit (at least) into the picture of my controller-view relationships.
• The injection of the dependencies directly into the controller actions caused me hard-time (but great time) too, having in mind that I already had the url values injected as action arguments and that I didn't used any routing dispatchers.
• Implementing factories was also a great idea, in order to be able to have objects at my disposal within each controller action. Factories are a great tool to use, but only going from the premise of needed run-time objects, not of just reducing the number of dependencies in constructors.
• Decorator pattern is also a good alternative. But if, for example, you want to log something within a controller action, then this is not a solution: you still have to pass a logger as dependency (in constructor, setter or action).
• I had a thought about injecting the needed dependencies only on child controllers. But then the problem of multiple responsibilities of the corresponding controllers remains the same.

因此，无论我做了什么，这些解决方案似乎都不适合我的 HMVC 项目的结构.所以，我进一步挖掘，直到我意识到缺失的环节是什么.为此，我非常感谢 Tom Butler，他撰写了以下精彩文章:

$controller = new UserController(/* Controller dependencies */);

$controller->{action}(/* Action dependencies */);

class UserView {
    //....
    // Display information on screen.
    public function output () {
        return $this
                    ->load('<template-name>')
                    ->render(array(<data-to-display>))
        ;
    }
    //....
}

$controller = new UserController(/* (less) controller dependencies */);
$view = new UserView(/* View dependencies */);

$controller->{action}(/* Action dependencies */);
echo $view->output();

$model = new UserModel;
$controller = new UserController($model, /* Other controller dependencies */);
$view = new UserView($model, /* Other view dependencies */);

$controller->{action}(/* Action dependencies */);
echo $view->output();

$model = new UserModel;
$viewModel = new UserViewModel($model, /* Other view-model dependencies */);
$controller = new UserController($viewModel /* Other controller dependencies */);
$view = new UserView($viewModel, /* Other view dependencies */);

$controller->{action}(/* Action dependencies */);
echo $view->output();