如何使用子进程运行bash命令。在Windows上运行

问题描述

我想在python3.7.4中使用subprocess.run()运行外壳脚本和git-bash命令。当我在subprocess documentation page上运行该简单示例时，会发生以下情况：

import subprocess

subprocess.run(["ls", "-l"])

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:pycharmprojectenvslibsubprocess.py", line 472, in run
    with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
  File "C:pycharmprojectenvslibsubprocess.py", line 775, in __init__
    restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "C:pycharmprojectenvslibsubprocess.py", line 1178, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified


# it also fails with shell=True
subprocess.call(["ls", "-l"], shell=True)

'ls' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
1

来自shell=True的消息是来自Windows cmd的消息，这表示子进程没有向git-bash发送命令。

我使用的是一个位于project/envs/文件夹中的conda环境。我还安装了git-bash。

我也尝试设置环境，但得到相同的错误。

import os
import subprocess

my_env = os.environ.copy()
my_env["PATH"] = 'C:Program FilesGit;' + my_env["PATH"]
subprocess.run(['git-bash.exe', 'ls', '-l'], env=my_env)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 3, in <module>
  File "C:pycharmprojectenvslibsubprocess.py", line 472, in run
    with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
  File "C:pycharmprojectenvslibsubprocess.py", line 775, in __init__
    restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "C:npycharmprojectenvslibsubprocess.py", line 1178, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified

我可以通过指向git-bash.exe使其运行，但它返回空字符串，而不是我目录中的文件

import subprocess
subprocess.run(['C:Program FilesGitgit-bash.exe', 'ls', '-l'], capture_output=True)

CompletedProcess(args=['C:\Program Files\Git\git-bash.exe', 'ls', '-l'], returncode=0, stdout=b'', stderr=b'')

如subprocess documentation page中所示，如能以最佳方式使其正常工作，我将不胜感激。

---

解决方案

我发现可以使用...Gitinash.exe而不是...Gitgit-bash.exe运行命令，如下所示：

import subprocess
subprocess.run(['C:Program FilesGit\bin\bash.exe', '-c','ls'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

CompletedProcess(args=['C:\Program Files\Git\bin\bash.exe', '-c', 'ls'], returncode=0, stdout=b'README.md
__pycache__
conda_create.sh
envs
main.py
test.sh
zipped
')