我在 PHP 中实现的 HTTP 条件获取答案是否可以?

2021-12-20 00:00:00 http-headers http header caching php

经过大量搜索、阅读我找到的每个教程并在这里提出一些问题后，我终于设法正确地(至少我认为)回答了 if-none-match 和 if-modified-since HTTP 请求.

After searching a lot, reading every tutorials I've found and asking some questions here, I've finally managed to answer corrctly (at least I think) to if-none-match and if-modified-since HTTP requests.

快速回顾一下，这就是我在每个可缓存页面上所做的:

To do a quick recap, this is what I do on every pages cacheable:

session_cache_limiter('public'); //Cache on clients and proxies
session_cache_expire(180); //3 hours
header('Content-Type: ' . $documentMimeType . '; charset=' . $charset);
header('ETag: "' . $eTag . '"'); //$eTag is a MD5 of $currentLanguage + $lastModified
if ($isXML)
    header('Vary: Accept'); //$documentMimeType can be either application/xhtml+xml or text/html for XHTML (based on $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT'])
header('Last-Modified: ' . $lastModified);
header('Content-Language: ' . $currentLanguage);

此外，每个页面都有自己的 URL(对于每种语言).例如，index.php"将在英文网址/en/home"和法文网址/fr/accueil"下提供.

Also, every page have it's own URL (for every languages). For example, "index.php" will be served under URL "/en/home" in English and "/fr/accueil" in French.

我的大问题是仅在需要时对 if-none-match 和 if-modified-since HTTP 请求响应304 Not Modified".

My big problem was to answer a "304 Not Modified" to if-none-match and if-modified-since HTTP requests only when needed.

我找到的最好的文档是:http://rithiur.anthd.com/tutorials/conditionalget.php

The best doc I've found is: http://rithiur.anthd.com/tutorials/conditionalget.php

这是我做的实现(这段代码在可以缓存的页面上称为ASAP):

And this is the implementation I did of it (this piece of code is called ASAP on pages that can be cached):

$ifNoneMatch = array_key_exists('HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH', $_SERVER) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH'] : false;
$ifModifiedSince = array_key_exists('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE', $_SERVER) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE'] : false;

if ($ifNoneMatch !== false && $ifModifiedSince !== false)
{
    //Both if-none-match and if-modified-since were received.
    //They must match the document values in order to send a HTTP 304 answer.
    if ($ifNoneMatch == $eTag && $ifModifiedSince == $lastModified)
    {
        header('Not Modified', true, 304);
        exit();
    }
}
else
{
    //Only one header received, it it match the document value, send a HTTP 304 answer.
    if (($ifNoneMatch !== false && $ifNoneMatch == $eTag) || ($ifModifiedSince !== false && $ifModifiedSince == $lastModified))
    {
        header('Not Modified', true, 304);
        exit();
    }
}

我的问题有两个:

  • 这是正确的做法吗?我的意思是，当发送 if-none-match 和 if-modified-since 时，both 必须匹配才能回答 304，如果只发送两者之一，则只匹配这个就可以发送304?
  • 在此处描述的上下文中使用时，这 2 个代码段是否对公共缓存友好(我的意思是在代理和网络浏览器上对缓存友好)?
  • Is it the correct way to do it? I mean when if-none-match and if-modified-since are sent, both must match to answer a 304, and if only one of the two is sent, only matching this one is OK to send a 304?
  • When used in the context described here, is these 2 snippets are public cache friendly (I mean cache friendly on proxies and Web browsers)?

顺便说一句，我只使用 PHP 5.1.0+(我不支持低于它的版本).

BTW, I use PHP 5.1.0+ only (I don't support versions lower that that).

增加了赏金……我期待高质量的回答.如果您在猜测某事，请不要回答/投票！

Added bounty... I expect quality answer. Don't answer/vote if you are guessing something!

推荐答案

  • 这不太正确.请看一下算法:alt text http://img532.imageshack.us/img532/1017/cache.png
  • 该解决方案是代理友好的，您可以使用 Cache-control: proxy-revalidate 强制缓存遵守您提供的有关资源的任何新鲜信息(仅适用于共享|代理缓存)

    • 以下是可能有用的函数:

    Here is the function that might help:

    function isModified($mtime, $etag) {
    return !( (
        isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE'])
        && 
        strtotime($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) >= $mtime
    ) || (
        isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH'])
        && 
        $_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH'] == $etag
    ) ) ;
}

    我建议你看看下面的文章:http://www.peej.co.uk/articles/http-caching.html

    I suggest that you take a look at the following article: http://www.peej.co.uk/articles/http-caching.html

    更新:

    [AlexV] 甚至可以同时接收 if-none-match 和 if-modified-since 吗?

    [AlexV] Is is even possible to receive if-none-match AND if-modified-since at the same time?

    你绝对可以同时设置.然而:

    You can definitely have both set. However:

    如果没有实体标签匹配，那么服务器可以执行请求的方法，就好像 If-None-Match 头字段不存在一样，但也必须忽略任何 If-Modified-Since 头字段中的要求.也就是说，如果没有实体标签匹配，则服务器不得返回 304(未修改)响应.

    If none of the entity tags match, then the server MAY perform the requested method as if the If-None-Match header field did not exist, but MUST also ignore any If-Modified-Since header field(s) in the request. That is, if no entity tags match, then the server MUST NOT return a 304 (Not Modified) response.

    RFC2616 #14.26

    示例值(W 代表弱"；阅读更多内容RFC2616 #13.3.3):

    Example values (W stands for 'weak'; read more in RFC2616 #13.3.3):

    If-None-Match: "xyzzy", "r2d2xxxx", "c3piozzzz"
If-None-Match: W/"xyzzy", W/"r2d2xxxx", W/"c3piozzzz"
If-Modified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT
If-None-Match: *

    作为一种特殊情况，值*"匹配资源的任何当前实体.

    As a special case, the value "*" matches any current entity of the resource.

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