使用多处理锁定Python写入文件时缺少行

2022-04-10 00:00:00 python python-multiprocessing

问题描述

这是我的代码:

from multiprocessing import Pool, Lock
from datetime import datetime as dt

console_out = "/STDOUT/Console.out"
chunksize = 50
lock = Lock()

def writer(message):
    lock.acquire()
    with open(console_out, 'a') as out:
        out.write(message)
        out.flush()
    lock.release()

def conf_wrapper(state):
    import ProcessingModule as procs
    import sqlalchemy as sal

    stcd, nrows = state
    engine = sal.create_engine('postgresql://foo:bar@localhost:5432/schema')

    writer("State {s} started  at: {n}"
           "
".format(s=str(stcd).zfill(2), n=dt.now()))

    with engine.connect() as conn, conn.begin():
        procs.processor(conn, stcd, nrows, chunksize)

    writer("	State {s} finished  at: {n}"
           "
".format(s=str(stcd).zfill(2), n=dt.now()))

def main():
    nprocesses = 12
    maxproc = 1
    state_list = [(2, 113), (10, 119), (15, 84), (50, 112), (44, 110), (11, 37), (33, 197)]

    with open(console_out, 'w') as out:
        out.write("Starting at {n}
".format(n=dt.now()))
        out.write("Using {p} processes..."
                  "
".format(p=nprocesses))

    with Pool(processes=int(nprocesses), maxtasksperchild=maxproc) as pool:
        pool.map(func=conf_wrapper, iterable=state_list, chunksize=1)

    with open(console_out, 'a') as out:
        out.write("
All done at {n}".format(n=dt.now()))

文件console_out从未包含所有7个状态。它总是缺少一个或多个状态。以下是最近一次运行的输出:

Starting at 2016-07-27 21:46:58.638587
Using 12 processes...
State 44 started  at: 2016-07-27 21:47:01.482322
State 02 started  at: 2016-07-27 21:47:01.497947
State 11 started  at: 2016-07-27 21:47:01.529198
State 10 started  at: 2016-07-27 21:47:01.497947
    State 11 finished  at: 2016-07-27 21:47:15.701207
    State 15 finished  at: 2016-07-27 21:47:24.123164
    State 44 finished  at: 2016-07-27 21:47:32.029489
    State 50 finished  at: 2016-07-27 21:47:51.203107
    State 10 finished  at: 2016-07-27 21:47:53.046876
    State 33 finished  at: 2016-07-27 21:47:58.156301
    State 02 finished  at: 2016-07-27 21:48:18.856979

All done at 2016-07-27 21:48:18.992277

为什么?

注意,操作系统为Windows Server 2012 R2。


解决方案

由于您在Windows上运行,工作进程不会继承任何。每个进程"从头开始"运行整个主程序。

具体地说,对于编写的代码,每个进程都有自己的lock实例,而这些实例彼此无关。简而言之,lock根本没有提供任何进程间互斥。

要解决这个问题,可以将Pool构造函数更改为调用每个进程一次的初始化函数,您可以向该函数传递Lock()的实例。例如:

def init(L):
    global lock
    lock = L

,然后将这些参数添加到Pool()构造函数:

initializer=init, initargs=(Lock(),),

并且您不再需要:

lock = Lock()

行。

然后进程间互斥将按预期工作。

无锁定

如果您希望将所有输出委托给编写器进程,则可以跳过锁并使用队列为该进程提供数据[请参阅后面的不同版本]。

def writer_process(q):
    with open(console_out, 'w') as out:
        while True:
            message = q.get()
            if message is None:
                break
            out.write(message)
            out.flush() # can't guess whether you really want this

并将writer()更改为仅:

def writer(message):
    q.put(message)

您将再次需要在Pool构造函数中使用initializer=initargs=,以便所有进程使用相同的队列。

只能运行一个进程writer_process(),该进程可以作为multiprocessing.Process的实例单独启动。

最后,为了让writer_process()知道是时候退出了,当是清空队列并返回的时间时,只需运行

q.put(None)

在主进程中。

以后

OP选择了这个版本,因为他们需要同时在其他代码中打开输出文件:

def writer_process(q):
    while True:
        message = q.get()
        if message == 'done':
            break
        else:
            with open(console_out, 'a') as out:
                out.write(message)

我不知道为什么终止哨兵更改为"done"。任何唯一值都适用于此;None是传统的。

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