在单元测试的GitHub操作中运行SelensWebDriver
问题描述
我正在尝试在GitHub Actions中运行单元测试,然后再部署我的AWS Lambda,在该AWS Lambda中,我正在运行Selenium WebDriver和一个正常运行的硒-铬lambda层(https://github.com/vittorio-nardone/selenium-chromium-lambda)。我在Python3.6中运行我的环境,并使用ChromeDriver版本95.0.4638.54
我在运行单元测试时不断遇到此错误:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException:
Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally.
(chrome not reachable)
我使用的Chrome选项与我运行我的AWS Lambda时相同(工作正常):
lambda_options = [
'--autoplay-policy=user-gesture-required',
'--disable-background-networking',
'--disable-background-timer-throttling',
'--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows',
'--disable-breakpad',
'--disable-client-side-phishing-detection',
'--disable-component-update',
'--disable-default-apps',
'--disable-dev-shm-usage',
'--disable-domain-reliability',
'--disable-extensions',
'--disable-features=AudioServiceOutOfProcess',
'--disable-hang-monitor',
'--disable-ipc-flooding-protection',
'--disable-notifications',
'--disable-offer-store-unmasked-wallet-cards',
'--disable-popup-blocking',
'--disable-print-preview',
'--disable-prompt-on-repost',
'--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
'--disable-setuid-sandbox',
'--disable-speech-api',
'--disable-sync',
'--disk-cache-size=33554432',
'--hide-scrollbars',
'--ignore-gpu-blacklist',
'--ignore-certificate-errors',
'--metrics-recording-only',
'--mute-audio',
'--no-default-browser-check',
'--no-first-run',
'--no-pings',
'--no-sandbox',
'--no-zygote',
'--password-store=basic',
'--use-gl=swiftshader',
'--use-mock-keychain',
'--single-process',
'--headless']
for argument in lambda_options:
chrome_options.add_argument(argument)
使用一些特定于Lambda的其他选项:
chrome_options.add_argument('--user-data-dir={}'.format(tmp_folder + '/user-data'))
chrome_options.add_argument('--data-path={}'.format(tmp_folder + '/data-path'))
chrome_options.add_argument('--homedir={}'.format(tmp_folder))
chrome_options.add_argument('--disk-cache-dir={}'.format(tmp_folder + '/cache-dir'))
chrome_options.binary_location = "/opt/bin/chromium"
tmp_folder
是由AWS提供的文件系统,其中tMP_Folders=/tmp
最后,我正在启动驱动程序:
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)
这在Lambda中运行得很好,但每次尝试在GitHub操作中运行单元测试时都会失败。
这是在GitHub操作中运行作业时的配置:
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Set up Python 3.7
uses: actions/setup-python@v2
with:
python-version: 3.7
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
.......
- name: Unit test
run: |
wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
sudo apt-get update -qqy
sudo apt-get -qqy install google-chrome-stable
CHROME_VERSION=$(google-chrome-stable --version)
CHROME_FULL_VERSION=${CHROME_VERSION%%.*}
CHROME_MAJOR_VERSION=${CHROME_FULL_VERSION//[!0-9]}
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
export CHROMEDRIVER_VERSION=`curl -s https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_${CHROME_MAJOR_VERSION%%.*}`
curl -L -O "https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/${CHROMEDRIVER_VERSION}/chromedriver_linux64.zip"
unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip && chmod +x chromedriver && sudo mv chromedriver /usr/local/bin
export CHROMEDRIVER_VERSION=`curl -s https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_${CHROME_MAJOR_VERSION%%.*}`
curl -L -O "https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/${CHROMEDRIVER_VERSION}/chromedriver_linux64.zip"
unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip && chmod +x chromedriver && sudo mv chromedriver /usr/local/bin
chromedriver -version
which chromedriver
which google-chrome
该配置完全取自Selify自己(https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.0.0-beta-3/.github/actions/setup-chrome/action.yml)在GibHub操作中的Chrome设置,非常有效。
此GitHub Actions配置使用的是最新的ChromeDriver,所以我同时尝试了旧版本(前面提到的95.0.4638.54)和最新版本(96.0.4664.45),但我仍然收到相同的错误:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException:
Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally.
(chrome not reachable)
解决方案
以下是我需要添加到Chrome选项以使其工作的内容。
首先添加一个远程调试端口:
chrome_options.add_argument('--remote-debugging-port=9222')
然后我还将二进制位置更改为以下位置,binary_location
选项用于Google Chrome:
chrome_options.binary_location = "/usr/bin/google-chrome"
最后,如本答案(https://stackoverflow.com/a/60092331/6697714)所述,我还向Chrome驱动程序添加了可执行路径:
executable_path="/usr/local/bin/chromedriver"
lambda配置保持不变:
lambda_options = [
'--autoplay-policy=user-gesture-required',
'--disable-background-networking',
'--disable-background-timer-throttling',
'--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows',
'--disable-breakpad',
'--disable-client-side-phishing-detection',
'--disable-component-update',
'--disable-default-apps',
'--disable-dev-shm-usage',
'--disable-domain-reliability',
'--disable-extensions',
'--disable-features=AudioServiceOutOfProcess',
'--disable-hang-monitor',
'--disable-ipc-flooding-protection',
'--disable-notifications',
'--disable-offer-store-unmasked-wallet-cards',
'--disable-popup-blocking',
'--disable-print-preview',
'--disable-prompt-on-repost',
'--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
'--disable-setuid-sandbox',
'--disable-speech-api',
'--disable-sync',
'--disk-cache-size=33554432',
'--hide-scrollbars',
'--ignore-gpu-blacklist',
'--ignore-certificate-errors',
'--metrics-recording-only',
'--mute-audio',
'--no-default-browser-check',
'--no-first-run',
'--no-pings',
'--no-sandbox',
'--no-zygote',
'--password-store=basic',
'--use-gl=swiftshader',
'--use-mock-keychain',
'--single-process',
'--headless',
]
for argument in lambda_options:
chrome_options.add_argument(argument)
最终配置如下:
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
chrome_options.add_argument('--user-data-dir={}'.format(tmp_folder + '/user-data'))
chrome_options.add_argument('--data-path={}'.format(tmp_folder + '/data-path'))
chrome_options.add_argument('--homedir={}'.format(tmp_folder))
chrome_options.add_argument('--disk-cache-dir={}'.format(tmp_folder + '/cache-dir'))
chrome_options.add_argument('--remote-debugging-port=9222')
chrome_options.binary_location = "/usr/bin/google-chrome"
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options, executable_path="/usr/local/bin/chromedriver")
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