在 Swing 中指定 Canvas 的位置
我正在学习 Swing GUI 设计.我还没有完全解决的一件事是如何将添加 Canvas 添加到容器中的特定位置.
I'm learning Swing GUI design. One thing I haven't quite sorted out is how to add an add a Canvas to a specific location in a container.
更具体地说:我创建了一个使用 Paint 方法的 Canvas 类.此类的对象被添加到面板中.我不太明白的是，它是如何以及在何处添加到面板的.在 Tkinter 中，Canvas 是一个仅包含图像的小部件，但在 Swing 中，没有类似的小部件(可能不是最好的词)添加到仅包含 Canvas 对象而没有其他内容的 Frame 中.
More specifically: I create a Canvas class that uses Paint method. Object of this class is added to a Panel. What I do not quite understand, is how and where it is added to a Panel. In Tkinter Canvas is a widget that contains only an image, but in Swing there is no similar widget (probably not the best word) added to the Frame that contains only Canvas object and nothing else.
对不起，如果它太模糊，我正在添加一个独立的代码.请忽略文本字段和标签.
Sorry if it is too vague, I'm adding a self-contained code. Please ignore text fields and labels.
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Canvas;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JSeparator;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
//frame class
class frame_class2 extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
//declare buttons
JButton draw_button = new JButton("Draw");
JButton quit_button= new JButton("Quit");
JButton info_button = new JButton("Info");
//declare labels
JLabel x_loc = new JLabel("X:");
JLabel y_loc = new JLabel("Y:");
JLabel w_label= new JLabel("Width:");
JLabel h_label = new JLabel("Height:");
//Layout
FlowLayout layout_frame1 = new FlowLayout();
//Text boxes
JTextField x_loc_box = new JTextField("0");
JTextField y_loc_box = new JTextField("0");
JTextField w_loc_box = new JTextField("100");
JTextField h_loc_box = new JTextField("100");
//Info
JOptionPane info1 = new JOptionPane();
//Canvas
//Canvas area1 = new Canvas();
//Containers
JPanel panel1 = new JPanel();
JPanel panel2= new JPanel();
//Container container3 = new Container();
Container con = getContentPane();
public frame_class2(){
//panel1 = getContentPane();
//add(area1);
//add labels to the first panel
panel1.setLayout(layout_frame1);
panel2.setLayout(layout_frame1);
panel1.add(x_loc);
panel1.add(x_loc_box);
panel1.add(y_loc);
panel1.add(y_loc_box);
panel1.add(w_label);
panel1.add(w_loc_box);
panel1.add(h_label);
panel1.add(h_loc_box);
//add buttons to the second panel
draw_button.addActionListener(this);
quit_button.addActionListener(this);
info_button.addActionListener(this);
panel2.add(draw_button);
panel2.add(quit_button);
panel2.add(info_button);
con.add(panel1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
//con.add(new JSeparator(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
con.add(panel2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setDefaultCloseOperation(super.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setTitle("Graphics Toolbox v2");
//Set up the content pane.
//this.getContentPane();
pack();
//setSize(500, 500);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
//setBackground(Color.BLUE);
setVisible(true);
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (e.getSource()==info_button){
info1.showMessageDialog(this, "hahahahahaha");
}
else if (e.getSource()==quit_button){
System.exit(0);
}
else if (e.getSource()==draw_button){
graphics_class2 input1 = new graphics_class2();
con.add(input1);
//info1.showMessageDialog(this, "Not yet!");
}
}
}
//graphics class
class graphics_class2 extends Canvas{
public graphics_class2(){
//frame_class1 inst1 = new frame_class1();
//Canvas img1 = inst1.area1;
setSize(50,50);
//setBackground(Color.BLUE);
}
public void paint(Graphics g){
super.paint(g);
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillArc(0, 0, 50, 50, 50, 50);
}
}
public class main_code {
public static void main(String args[]){
frame_class2 inst1 = new frame_class2();
}
}
推荐答案
Swing 程序应该重写 paintComponent() 而不是重写 paint()."—AWT 和 Swing 中的绘画:绘画方法.JPanel 或 JComponent 是常见的选择，如此处所建议的那样.您可以使用合适的布局来控制布局.
"Swing programs should override paintComponent() instead of overriding paint()."—Painting in AWT and Swing: The Paint Methods. JPanel or JComponent are common choices, as suggested here. You can control placement using a suitable layout.
附录:这与 Canvas 有何关系?
Addendum: How does this relate to Canvas?
java.awt.Canvas 类是一个 AWT 组件；而是使用 Swing 组件 javax.swing.JPanel.这是您的程序的一个变体，它仅选择一种随机颜色，但它可能会让您了解如何处理您的其他属性.这里有一个相关的例子.
The class java.awt.Canvas is an AWT component; instead use the Swing component javax.swing.JPanel. Here's a variation of your program that merely selects a random color, but it might give you an idea how to address your other properties. There's a related example here.
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class MainCode {
public static void main(String args[]) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
MainView fc = new MainView();
}
});
}
private static class MainView implements ActionListener {
private JFrame f = new JFrame();
private JButton colorButton = new JButton("Color");
private JButton quitButton = new JButton("Quit");
private JButton infoButton = new JButton("Info");
private JLabel x_loc = new JLabel("X:");
private JLabel y_loc = new JLabel("Y:");
private JLabel w_label = new JLabel("Width:");
private JLabel h_label = new JLabel("Height:");
private JTextField x_loc_box = new JTextField("0");
private JTextField y_loc_box = new JTextField("0");
private JTextField w_loc_box = new JTextField("100");
private JTextField h_loc_box = new JTextField("100");
private JOptionPane info1 = new JOptionPane();
private JPanel panel1 = new JPanel();
private JPanel panel2 = new JPanel();
private GraphicsClass graphicsClass = new GraphicsClass();
public MainView() {
panel1.add(x_loc);
panel1.add(x_loc_box);
panel1.add(y_loc);
panel1.add(y_loc_box);
panel1.add(w_label);
panel1.add(w_loc_box);
panel1.add(h_label);
panel1.add(h_loc_box);
colorButton.addActionListener(this);
quitButton.addActionListener(this);
infoButton.addActionListener(this);
panel2.add(colorButton);
panel2.add(quitButton);
panel2.add(infoButton);
f.add(panel1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
f.add(graphicsClass, BorderLayout.CENTER);
f.add(panel2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.setTitle("Graphics Toolbox v2");
f.pack();
f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getSource() == infoButton) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f, "hahahahahaha");
} else if (e.getSource() == quitButton) {
System.exit(0);
} else if (e.getSource() == colorButton) {
graphicsClass.randomColor();
graphicsClass.repaint();
}
}
}
private static class GraphicsClass extends JPanel {
private static final int SIZE = 128;
private static final Random r = new Random();
private Color color = Color.green;
@Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(SIZE, SIZE);
}
public void randomColor() {
this.color = new Color(r.nextInt());
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(color);
int w = getWidth();
int h = getHeight();
g.fillArc(0, h / 4, w, h, 45, 90);
}
}
}
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