Lambdas,多个 forEach 带强制转换
Need some help thinking in lambdas from my fellow StackOverflow luminaries.
Standard case of picking through a list of a list of a list to collect some children deep in a graph. What awesome ways could Lambdas
help with this boilerplate?
public List<ContextInfo> list() {
final List<ContextInfo> list = new ArrayList<ContextInfo>();
final StandardServer server = getServer();
for (final Service service : server.findServices()) {
if (service.getContainer() instanceof Engine) {
final Engine engine = (Engine) service.getContainer();
for (final Container possibleHost : engine.findChildren()) {
if (possibleHost instanceof Host) {
final Host host = (Host) possibleHost;
for (final Container possibleContext : host.findChildren()) {
if (possibleContext instanceof Context) {
final Context context = (Context) possibleContext;
// copy to another object -- not the important part
final ContextInfo info = new ContextInfo(context.getPath());
info.setThisPart(context.getThisPart());
info.setNotImportant(context.getNotImportant());
list.add(info);
}
}
}
}
}
}
return list;
}
Note the list itself is going to the client as JSON
, so don't focus on what is returned. Must be a few neat ways I can cut down the loops.
Interested to see what my fellow experts create. Multiple approaches encouraged.
EDIT
The findServices
and the two findChildren
methods return arrays
EDIT - BONUS CHALLENGE
The "not important part" did turn out to be important. I actually need to copy a value only available in the host
instance. This seems to ruin all the beautiful examples. How would one carry state forward?
final ContextInfo info = new ContextInfo(context.getPath());
info.setHostname(host.getName()); // The Bonus Challenge
解决方案
It's fairly deeply nested but it doesn't seem exceptionally difficult.
The first observation is that if a for-loop translates into a stream, nested for-loops can be "flattened" into a single stream using flatMap
. This operation takes a single element and returns an arbitrary number elements in a stream. I looked up and found that StandardServer.findServices()
returns an array of Service
so we turn this into a stream using Arrays.stream()
. (I make similar assumptions for Engine.findChildren()
and Host.findChildren()
.
Next, the logic within each loop does an instanceof
check and a cast. This can be modeled using streams as a filter
operation to do the instanceof
followed by a map
operation that simply casts and returns the same reference. This is actually a no-op but it lets the static typing system convert a Stream<Container>
to a Stream<Host>
for example.
Applying these transformations to the nested loops, we get the following:
public List<ContextInfo> list() {
final List<ContextInfo> list = new ArrayList<ContextInfo>();
final StandardServer server = getServer();
Arrays.stream(server.findServices())
.filter(service -> service.getContainer() instanceof Engine)
.map(service -> (Engine)service.getContainer())
.flatMap(engine -> Arrays.stream(engine.findChildren()))
.filter(possibleHost -> possibleHost instanceof Host)
.map(possibleHost -> (Host)possibleHost)
.flatMap(host -> Arrays.stream(host.findChildren()))
.filter(possibleContext -> possibleContext instanceof Context)
.map(possibleContext -> (Context)possibleContext)
.forEach(context -> {
// copy to another object -- not the important part
final ContextInfo info = new ContextInfo(context.getPath());
info.setThisPart(context.getThisPart());
info.setNotImportant(context.getNotImportant());
list.add(info);
});
return list;
}
But wait, there's more.
The final forEach
operation is a slightly more complicated map
operation that converts a Context
into a ContextInfo
. Furthermore, these are just collected into a List
so we can use collectors to do this instead of creating and empty list up front and then populating it. Applying these refactorings results in the following:
public List<ContextInfo> list() {
final StandardServer server = getServer();
return Arrays.stream(server.findServices())
.filter(service -> service.getContainer() instanceof Engine)
.map(service -> (Engine)service.getContainer())
.flatMap(engine -> Arrays.stream(engine.findChildren()))
.filter(possibleHost -> possibleHost instanceof Host)
.map(possibleHost -> (Host)possibleHost)
.flatMap(host -> Arrays.stream(host.findChildren()))
.filter(possibleContext -> possibleContext instanceof Context)
.map(possibleContext -> (Context)possibleContext)
.map(context -> {
// copy to another object -- not the important part
final ContextInfo info = new ContextInfo(context.getPath());
info.setThisPart(context.getThisPart());
info.setNotImportant(context.getNotImportant());
return info;
})
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
I usually try to avoid multi-line lambdas (such as in the final map
operation) so I'd refactor it into a little helper method that takes a Context
and returns a ContextInfo
. This doesn't shorten the code at all, but I think it does make it clearer.
UPDATE
But wait, there's still more.
Let's extract the call to service.getContainer()
into its own pipeline element:
return Arrays.stream(server.findServices())
.map(service -> service.getContainer())
.filter(container -> container instanceof Engine)
.map(container -> (Engine)container)
.flatMap(engine -> Arrays.stream(engine.findChildren()))
// ...
This exposes the repetition of filtering on instanceof
followed by a mapping with a cast. This is done three times in total. It seems likely that other code is going to need to do similar things, so it would be nice to extract this bit of logic into a helper method. The problem is that filter
can change the number of elements in the stream (dropping ones that don't match) but it can't change their types. And map
can change the types of elements, but it can't change their number. Can something change both the number and types? Yes, it's our old friend flatMap
again! So our helper method needs to take an element and return a stream of elements of a different type. That return stream will contain a single casted element (if it matches) or it will be empty (if it doesn't match). The helper function would look like this:
<T,U> Stream<U> toType(T t, Class<U> clazz) {
if (clazz.isInstance(t)) {
return Stream.of(clazz.cast(t));
} else {
return Stream.empty();
}
}
(This is loosely based on C#'s OfType
construct mentioned in some of the comments.)
While we're at it, let's extract a method to create a ContextInfo
:
ContextInfo makeContextInfo(Context context) {
// copy to another object -- not the important part
final ContextInfo info = new ContextInfo(context.getPath());
info.setThisPart(context.getThisPart());
info.setNotImportant(context.getNotImportant());
return info;
}
After these extractions, the pipeline looks like this:
return Arrays.stream(server.findServices())
.map(service -> service.getContainer())
.flatMap(container -> toType(container, Engine.class))
.flatMap(engine -> Arrays.stream(engine.findChildren()))
.flatMap(possibleHost -> toType(possibleHost, Host.class))
.flatMap(host -> Arrays.stream(host.findChildren()))
.flatMap(possibleContext -> toType(possibleContext, Context.class))
.map(this::makeContextInfo)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
Nicer, I think, and we've removed the dreaded multi-line statement lambda.
UPDATE: BONUS CHALLENGE
Once again, flatMap
is your friend. Take the tail of the stream and migrate it into the last flatMap
before the tail. That way the host
variable is still in scope, and you can pass it to a makeContextInfo
helper method that's been modified to take host
as well.
return Arrays.stream(server.findServices())
.map(service -> service.getContainer())
.flatMap(container -> toType(container, Engine.class))
.flatMap(engine -> Arrays.stream(engine.findChildren()))
.flatMap(possibleHost -> toType(possibleHost, Host.class))
.flatMap(host -> Arrays.stream(host.findChildren())
.flatMap(possibleContext -> toType(possibleContext, Context.class))
.map(ctx -> makeContextInfo(ctx, host)))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
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