如何使用 mockito 测试 REST 服务?
我是 Java 单元测试的新手,听说 Mockito 框架非常适合用于测试目的.
I am very new in Java Unit Testing and I heard that Mockito framework is really good for testing purposes.
我已经开发了一个 REST 服务器(CRUD 方法),现在我想测试它,但我不知道怎么做?
I have developed a REST Server (CRUD methods) and now I want to test it, but I don't know how?
我更不知道这个测试程序应该如何开始.我的服务器应该在 localhost 上运行,然后在该 url 上进行调用(例如 localhost:8888)?
Even more I don't know how this testing procedure should begin. My server should work on localhost and then make calls on that url(e.g. localhost:8888)?
这是我目前尝试的方法,但我很确定这不是正确的方法.
Here is what I tried so far, but I'm pretty sure that this isn't the right way.
@Test
public void testInitialize() {
RESTfulGeneric rest = mock(RESTfulGeneric.class);
ResponseBuilder builder = Response.status(Response.Status.OK);
builder = Response.status(Response.Status.OK).entity(
"Your schema was succesfully created!");
when(rest.initialize(DatabaseSchema)).thenReturn(builder.build());
String result = rest.initialize(DatabaseSchema).getEntity().toString();
System.out.println("Here: " + result);
assertEquals("Your schema was succesfully created!", result);
}
这是 initialize
方法的代码.
@POST
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
@Path("/initialize")
public Response initialize(String DatabaseSchema) {
/** Set the LogLevel to Info, severe, warning and info will be written */
LOGGER.setLevel(Level.INFO);
ResponseBuilder builder = Response.status(Response.Status.OK);
LOGGER.info("POST/initialize - Initialize the " + user.getUserEmail()
+ " namespace with a database schema.");
/** Get a handle on the datastore itself */
DatastoreService datastore = DatastoreServiceFactory
.getDatastoreService();
datastore.put(dbSchema);
builder = Response.status(Response.Status.OK).entity(
"Your schema was succesfully created!");
/** Send response */
return builder.build();
}
在这个测试用例中,我想向服务器发送一个 Json 字符串(POST).如果一切顺利,服务器应回复您的架构已成功创建!".
In this test case I want to send a Json string to the server(POST). If everything went well then the server should reply with "Your schema was succesfully created!".
有人可以帮帮我吗?
推荐答案
好的.因此,该方法的约定如下:将输入字符串解析为 JSON,如果无效则返回 BAD_REQUEST
.如果有效,则在 datastore
中创建一个具有各种属性(您知道它们)的实体,然后返回 OK
.
OK. So, the contract of the method is the following: Parse the input string as JSON, and send back BAD_REQUEST
if it's invalid. If it's valid, create an entity in the datastore
with various properties (you know them), and send back OK
.
并且您需要验证该方法是否履行了此合同.
And you need to verify that this contract is fulfilled by the method.
Mockito 在这方面有何帮助?好吧,如果你在没有 Mockito 的情况下测试这个方法,你需要一个真正的 DataStoreService
,并且你需要在这个真正的 DataStoreService
中验证实体是否被正确创建.这就是您的测试不再是单元测试的地方,这也是测试太复杂、太长、太难运行的地方,因为它需要一个复杂的环境.
Where does Mockito help here? Well, if you test this method without Mockito, you need a real DataStoreService
, and you need to verify that the entity has been created correctly in this real DataStoreService
. This is where your test is not a unit test anymore, and this is also where it's too complex to test, too long, and too hard to run because it needs a complex environment.
Mockito 可以通过模拟对 DataStoreService
的依赖项来提供帮助:您可以创建一个 DataStoreService
的模拟,并验证这个模拟确实是使用适当的实体参数调用的您在测试中调用 initialize()
方法.
Mockito can help by mocking the dependency on the DataStoreService
: you can create a mock of DataStoreService
, and verify that this mock is indeed called with the appropriate entity argument when you call your initialize()
method in your test.
为此,您需要能够将 DataStoreService
注入到您的测试对象中.它可以像通过以下方式重构对象一样简单:
To do that, you need to be able to inject the DataStoreService
into your object under test. It can be as easy as refactoring your object in the following way:
public class MyRestService {
private DataStoreService dataStoreService;
// constructor used on the server
public MyRestService() {
this.dataStoreService = DatastoreServiceFactory.getDatastoreService();
}
// constructor used by the unit tests
public MyRestService(DataStoreService dataStoreService) {
this.dataStoreService = dataStoreService;
}
public Response initialize(String DatabaseSchema) {
...
// use this.dataStoreService instead of datastore
}
}
现在在你的测试方法中,你可以这样做:
And now in your test method, you can do:
@Test
public void testInitializeWithGoodInput() {
DataStoreService mockDataStoreService = mock(DataStoreService.class);
MyRestService service = new MyRestService(mockDataStoreService);
String goodInput = "...";
Response response = service.initialize(goodInput);
assertEquals(Response.Status.OK, response.getStatus());
ArgumentCaptor<Entity> argument = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Entity.class);
verify(mock).put(argument.capture());
assertEquals("the correct kind", argument.getValue().getKind());
// ... other assertions
}
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