如何在没有 powermock 的情况下模拟静态方法

2022-01-14 00:00:00 unit-testing mockito java junit powermock

在 JUnit 中进行测试时，有什么方法可以模拟静态 util 方法吗?

Is there any way we can mock the static util method while testing in JUnit?

我知道 Powermock 可以模拟静态调用，但我不想使用 Powermock.

I know Powermock can mock static calls, but I don't want to use Powermock.

还有其他选择吗?

推荐答案

(不过我假设你可以使用 Mockito)我没有想到任何专门的东西，但是当涉及到这样的情况时，我倾向于使用以下策略:

(I assume you can use Mockito though) Nothing dedicated comes to my mind but I tend to use the following strategy when it comes to situations like that:

1) 在被测类中，将静态直接调用替换为对封装静态调用本身的包级方法的调用:

1) In the class under test, replace the static direct call with a call to a package level method that wraps the static call itself:

public class ToBeTested{

    public void myMethodToTest(){
         ...
         String s = makeStaticWrappedCall();
         ...
    }

    String makeStaticWrappedCall(){
        return Util.staticMethodCall();
    }
}

2) 在测试和模拟封装的包级方法时监视被测类:

2) Spy the class under test while testing and mock the wrapped package level method:

public class ToBeTestedTest{

    @Spy
    ToBeTested tbTestedSpy = new ToBeTested();

    @Before
    public void init(){
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void myMethodToTestTest() throws Exception{
       // Arrange
       doReturn("Expected String").when(tbTestedSpy).makeStaticWrappedCall();

       // Act
       tbTestedSpy.myMethodToTest();
    }
}

这是我写的一篇关于间谍的文章，其中包括类似的案例，如果您需要更多见解:sourceartists.com/mockito-spying

Here is an article I wrote on spying that includes similar case, if you need more insight: sourceartists.com/mockito-spying

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