如何验证没有抛出异常

• If the test needs to check additional things on the exception like the cause or the message (good exception messages are really important, having a precise exception type may not be enough).

• Also as the expectation is placed around in the method, depending on how the tested code is written then the wrong part of the test code can throw the exception, leading to false-positive test and I'm not sure that PMD, findbugs or Sonar will give hints on such code.

@Test(expected = WantedException.class)
public void call2_should_throw_a_WantedException__not_call1() {
    // init tested
    tested.call1(); // may throw a WantedException

    // call to be actually tested
    tested.call2(); // the call that is supposed to raise an exception
}

ExpectedException 规则也是尝试修复之前的警告，但使用起来感觉有点别扭，因为它使用了期望样式，EasyMock 用户非常了解这种风格.这对某些人来说可能很方便，但如果您遵循 行为驱动开发 (BDD) 或 安排行为断言 (AAA) 原则，则 ExpectedException 规则获胜不适合那些写作风格.除此之外，它可能会遇到与 @Test 方式相同的问题，具体取决于您将期望放在哪里.

@Rule ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none()

@Test
public void call2_should_throw_a_WantedException__not_call1() {
    // expectations
    thrown.expect(WantedException.class);
    thrown.expectMessage("boom");

    // init tested
    tested.call1(); // may throw a WantedException

    // call to be actually tested
    tested.call2(); // the call that is supposed to raise an exception
}

// given: an empty list
List myList = new ArrayList();

// when: we try to get the first element of the list
when(myList).get(1);

// then: we expect an IndexOutOfBoundsException
then(caughtException())
        .isInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
        .hasMessage("Index: 1, Size: 0") 
        .hasNoCause();

@Test
public void test_exception_approach_1() {
    ...
    assertThatExceptionOfType(IOException.class)
            .isThrownBy(() -> someBadIOOperation())
            .withMessage("boom!"); 
}

@Test
public void test_exception_approach_2() {
    ...
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> someBadIOOperation())
            .isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
            .hasMessageContaining("boom");
}

@Test
public void test_exception_approach_3() {
    ...
    // when
    Throwable thrown = catchThrowable(() -> someBadIOOperation());

    // then
    assertThat(thrown).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
                      .hasMessageContaining("boom");
}

@Test
@DisplayName("throws EmptyStackException when peeked")
void throwsExceptionWhenPeeked() {
    Throwable t = assertThrows(EmptyStackException.class, () -> stack.peek());

    Assertions.assertEquals("...", t.getMessage());
}