如何继承所有Flask-SQLAlChemy模型的自定义构造函数
问题描述
我的代码:
# db.py
class NewModel(Model):
user = sa.Column(sa.String(256), nullable = False, default = 'User')
uploaded = sa.Column(sa.DateTime, nullable = False, default = datetime.utcnow)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
kwargs['user'] = session['username']
super().__init__(**kwargs)
def save(self):
db.session.add(self)
db.session.commit()
db = SQLAlchemy(model_class = NewModel)
# upload_file.py
class UploadFile(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
filename = db.Column(db.String(256), nullable = False)
path = db.Column(db.String(256), nullable = False, unique = True)
def __init__(self, file):
self.file = file
kwargs = {
'filename': file.filename,
'path': secure_filename(file.filename)
}
super().__init__(**kwargs)
def valid(self):
return self.file is not None and
self.file.filename.strip() != ''
当我尝试创建UploadFile的实例时,它可以工作,但它不调用NewModel
的构造函数。为什么?
我找到this issue,但没有解决我的问题。
我试图使用orm.restructor装饰器,但也不起作用。
解决方案
问题中的方法不起作用,因为SQLAlChemy将自己的__init__
方法修补到模型超类上。default implementation根据关键字参数分配实例属性值,这就是代码在未调用已定义的__init__
方法的情况下仍然起作用的原因。
这可以通过declarative_base函数配置,但遗憾的是,Flask-SQLAlChemy不会直接公开这一点。
可以通过创建abstract模型类并从其继承应用程序的模型来获得所需的结果。
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
class NewModel(db.Model):
__abstract__ = True
user = sa.Column(sa.String(256), nullable=False, default="User")
uploaded = sa.Column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.utcnow)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
kwargs["user"] = session["username"]
super().__init__(**kwargs)
def save(self):
db.session.add(self)
db.session.commit()
# upload_file.py
class UploadFile(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
filename = db.Column(db.String(256), nullable=False)
path = db.Column(db.String(256), nullable=False, unique=True)
def __init__(self, file):
kwargs = {
'filename': file.filename,
'path': secure_filename(file.filename)
}
super().__init__(**kwargs)
要在模型超类(NewModel
)上获得有效的__init__
实现,我们需要创建一个自定义构造函数并使用它、Flask的DefaultMeta
元类和NewModel
类来创建可以传递给SQLAlchemy
构造函数的新声明性基类。
import sqlalchemy as sa
from sqlalchemy import orm
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy, Model, DefaultMeta
class NewModel(Model):
user = sa.Column(sa.String(256), nullable=False, default="User")
uploaded = sa.Column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.utcnow)
def save(self):
db.session.add(self)
db.session.commit()
def my_declarative_constructor(self, **kwargs):
"""This will be the `__init__` method for all models."""
# Set attrs from kwargs using SQLALchemy's default constructor function.
orm.decl_api._declarative_constructor(self, **kwargs)
# Do custom attribute assignments.
self.user = session['username']
# Create a new declarative base class that combines our constructor function,
# Flask's default metaclass and our NewModel class.
Base = orm.declarative_base(
constructor=my_declarative_constructor, metaclass=DefaultMeta, cls=NewModel
)
# Use our declarative base class to create the db integration.
db = SQLAlchemy(app, model_class=Base)
# upload_file.py
class UploadFile(db.Model):
...
相关文章