与咖啡脚本的多个文件通信
当我创建一个新的咖啡脚本文件时，我无法从另一个文件访问已编译代码中的代码，因为它被包装在某个函数范围内.例如:
When I create a new coffeescript file, I cannot access the code in the compiled code from another file because it gets wrapped in some function scope. For example:
CoffeeScript:
CoffeeScript:
class ChatService
constructor: (@io) ->
生成的 Javascript:
Generated Javascript:
(function() {
var ChatService;
ChatService = (function() {
function ChatService(io) {
this.io = io;
}
return ChatService;
})();
}).call(this);
当试图在另一个文件中调用 ChatService 时，它没有被定义.如何使用 coffeescript 处理多个文件?
When trying to call ChatService in another file, it's not defined. How do I handle multiple files with coffeescript?
推荐答案
根据这是客户端代码还是服务器端代码，有两种略有不同的方法.
Depending on whether this is client- or server-side code, there are two slightly different approaches.
客户端:这里我们将跨文件可用的东西附加到全局命名空间(window)，如下所示:
Client-side: Here we attach things that should be available across files to the global namespace (window) as follows:
class window.ChatService
constructor: (@io) ->
然后，在另一个文件中，ChatService 和 window.ChatService 都将允许访问该类.
Then, in another file both ChatService and window.ChatService will allow access to the class.
Server-side:这里我们必须使用exports和require.在 ChatService.coffee 文件中，您将拥有以下内容:
Server-side: Here we must use exports and require. In the ChatService.coffee file, you would have the following:
class exports.ChatService
constructor: (@io) ->
然后，要从另一个文件中获取它，您可以使用:
Then, to get at it from another file you can use:
ChatService = require('ChatService.coffee').ChatService
注意:如果您从 ChatService.coffee 获得多个类，这是 CoffeeScript 的 dict 解包真正大放异彩的地方，例如:
Note: If there are multiple classes that you are getting from ChatService.coffee, this is one place where CoffeeScript's dict unpacking really shines, such as:
{ChatService, OtherService} = require('ChatService.coffee')
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两者:基本上，我们根据所处的环境选择是运行服务器端代码还是客户端代码.一种常见的方法:
Both: Basically, we choose whether to run server-side or client-side code based on which environment we're in. A common way to do it:
class ChatService
constructor: (@io) ->
if typeof module != "undefined" && module.exports
#On a server
exports.ChatService = ChatService
else
#On a client
window.ChatService = ChatService
得到它:
if typeof module != "undefined" && module.exports
#On a server
ChatService = require("ChatService.coffee").ChatService
else
#On a client
ChatService = window.ChatService
可以跳过第二个块的 else 子句，因为 ChatService 已经引用了附加到 window 的引用.
The else clause of the second block can be skipped, since ChatService already refers to the reference attached to window.
如果你要在这个文件中定义很多类，那么定义它们可能更容易:
If you're going to define a lot of classes in this file, it may be easier to define them like:
self = {}
class self.ChatService
然后像 module.exports = self 在服务器上附加它们，在客户端附加 _.extend(window, self) (替换 _.extend 与另一个 extend 函数(视情况而定).
And then attach them like module.exports = self on the server and _.extend(window, self) on the client (replace _.extend with another extend function as appropriate).
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