带有 Selenium 的 Python:从文件系统拖放到 webdriver?

2022-01-11 00:00:00 python selenium ui-automation drag-and-drop javascript

我必须自动化一个 web 应用程序，其中包含一个拖放区域，用于从本地文件系统上传文件.我的测试环境是使用 Python 开发的.对于自动化测试，我使用了 Selenium，但是一旦上传区域是 div 标签(没有输入标签 - 我知道这样会很容易)，就无法从文件系统中拖动文件.

I have to automate a web-application, which contains a drag and drop area for uploading files from the local file system. My test environment is developed using Python. For the automation tests I have used Selenium, but it is not possible to drag files from the file system, once the upload area is a div tag (No input tag - this way I know it would be easy).

我阅读了很多不同的文章，但目前没有一篇文章对我有用.需要强调的是，我对使用 AutoIT 不感兴趣，只对带有 selenium 的原生 python 感兴趣.

I read a lot of different articles, but by the moment none worked for me. It's important to highlight that I'm not interested in using AutoIT, only native python with selenium.

我找到了这个 Selenium:拖放从文件系统删除到 webdriver? 看起来很有希望，但是我不知道要适应 Python.

I found this Selenium: Drag and Drop from file system to webdriver? what looks really promising, however I do not know to adapt to Python.

非常感谢您！

推荐答案

这是通过脚本输入注入的python版本.

Here's the python version of the trick with input injection via script.

JS_DROP_FILE = """
    var target = arguments[0],
        offsetX = arguments[1],
        offsetY = arguments[2],
        document = target.ownerDocument || document,
        window = document.defaultView || window;

    var input = document.createElement('INPUT');
    input.type = 'file';
    input.onchange = function () {
      var rect = target.getBoundingClientRect(),
          x = rect.left + (offsetX || (rect.width >> 1)),
          y = rect.top + (offsetY || (rect.height >> 1)),
          dataTransfer = { files: this.files };

      ['dragenter', 'dragover', 'drop'].forEach(function (name) {
        var evt = document.createEvent('MouseEvent');
        evt.initMouseEvent(name, !0, !0, window, 0, 0, 0, x, y, !1, !1, !1, !1, 0, null);
        evt.dataTransfer = dataTransfer;
        target.dispatchEvent(evt);
      });

      setTimeout(function () { document.body.removeChild(input); }, 25);
    };
    document.body.appendChild(input);
    return input;
"""

def drag_and_drop_file(drop_target, path):
    driver = drop_target.parent
    file_input = driver.execute_script(JS_DROP_FILE, drop_target, 0, 0)
    file_input.send_keys(path)

作为 drop_target 传递页面上可见的一些元素.

As drop_target pass it some element visible on the page.

方法是使用 selenium 的 execute_script 函数调用 javascript 来模拟拖放事件.代码如下:

The approach is to invoke a javascript using selenium's execute_script function to emulate drag and drop events. The code works as following:

  1. selenium 调用 javascript 代码
  2. javascript 创建输入元素并将其附加到 DOM
  3. javascript 将处理程序附加到输入，该处理程序模拟用户实际放置文件时发生的鼠标事件，即 dragenter、dragover、drop.
  4. selenium 使用文件路径更新输入.此时，第 2 步中的处理程序被调用并模拟拖放事件.

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