如何将我的代码从 v11 迁移到 Discord.js v12?
我升级到 Discord.js v12，但它破坏了我现有的 v11 代码.以下是一些导致错误的示例:
I upgraded to Discord.js v12, but it broke my existing v11 code. Here are some examples of things that cause errors:
// TypeError: client.users.get is not a function
const user = client.users.get('123456789012345678')
// TypeError: message.guild.roles.find is not a function
const role = message.guild.roles.find(r => r.name === 'Admin')
// TypeError: message.member.addRole is not a function
await message.member.addRole(role)
// TypeError: message.guild.createChannel is not a function
await message.guild.createChannel('welcome')
// TypeError: message.channel.fetchMessages is not a function
const messages = await message.channel.fetchMessages()
const {RichEmbed} = require('discord.js')
// TypeError: RichEmbed is not a constructor
const embed = new RichEmbed()
const connection = await message.channel.join()
// TypeError: connection.playFile is not a function
const dispatcher = connection.playFile('./music.mp3')
如何将我的代码迁移到 Discord.js v12 并修复这些错误?我在哪里可以看到引入的重大更改 v12?
How can I migrate my code to Discord.js v12 and fix these errors? Where can I see the breaking changes v12 introduced?
推荐答案
以下是人们遇到的 Discord.js v12 中引入的一些最常见的重大更改.
Here are some of the most common breaking changes introduced in Discord.js v12 that people run into.
Client#users 和 Guild#roles 等属性现在是 managers，而不是缓存的 Collection的项目.要访问此集合，请使用 cache 属性:
Properties such as Client#users and Guild#roles are now managers, instead of the cached Collection of items. To access this collection, use the cache property:
const user = client.users.cache.get('123456789012345678')
const role = message.guild.roles.cache.find(r => r.name === 'Admin')
此外，GuildMember#addRole、Guild#createChannel 和 TextBasedChannel#fetchMessages 等方法已移至各自的管理器:
In addition, methods such as GuildMember#addRole, Guild#createChannel, and TextBasedChannel#fetchMessages have moved to the respective managers:
await message.member.roles.add(role)
await message.guild.channels.create('welcome')
const messages = await message.channel.messages.fetch()
集合
Collection类(例如 client.users.cache、guild.roles.cache、guild.channels.cache)现在只接受 functions，而不是属性键和值，用于 .find 和 .findKey:
Collection
The Collection class (e.g. client.users.cache, guild.roles.cache, guild.channels.cache) now only accepts functions, not property keys and values, for .find and .findKey:
// v11: collection.find('property', 'value')
collection.find(item => item.property === 'value')
.exists、.deleteAll、.filterArray、.findAll 也已被删除:
// v11: collection.exists('property', 'value')
collection.some(item => item.property === 'value')
// v11: collection.deleteAll()
Promise.all(collection.map(item => item.delete()))
// v11: collection.filterArray(fn)
collection.filter(fn).array()
// v11: collection.findAll('property', value')
collection.filter(item => item.property === 'value').array()
.tap 现在在集合上运行一个函数，而不是在集合中的每个项目上运行:
.tap now runs a function on the collection instead of every item in the collection:
// v11: collection.tap(item => console.log(item))
collection.each(item => console.log(item))
// New .tap behaviour:
collection.tap(coll => console.log(`${coll.size} items`))
RichEmbed/MessageEmbed
RichEmbed 类已被移除；使用 MessageEmbed 类，现在用于所有嵌入(而不是仅接收到的嵌入).
RichEmbed/MessageEmbed
The RichEmbed class has been removed; use the MessageEmbed class instead which is now used for all embeds (instead of just received embeds).
const {MessageEmbed} = require('discord.js')
const embed = new MessageEmbed()
addBlankField 方法也已被删除.该方法只是简单地添加了一个带有零宽度空格 (u200B) 的字段作为名称和值，因此要添加一个空白字段，请执行以下操作:
The addBlankField method has also been removed. This method simply added a field with a zero-width space (u200B) as the name and value, so to add a blank field do this:
embed.addField('u200B', 'u200B')
语音
所有 VoiceConnection/VoiceBroadcast#play*** 方法已统一在一个 play 方法:
Voice
All of the VoiceConnection/VoiceBroadcast#play*** methods have been unified under a single play method:
const dispatcher = connection.play('./music.mp3')
Client#createVoiceBroadcast 已移至 ClientVoiceManager:
const broadcast = client.voice.createVoiceBroadcast()
此外，StreamDispatcher 扩展了 Node.js 的 stream.Writable，所以使用 dispatcher.destroy() 而不是 dispatcher.end().end 事件已被移除，取而代之的是原生 finish 事件.
Additionally, StreamDispatcher extends Node.js' stream.Writable, so use dispatcher.destroy() instead of dispatcher.end(). The end event has been removed in favour of the native finish event.
User#displayAvatarURL 和 Guild#iconURL 等属性现在是方法:
Properties such as User#displayAvatarURL and Guild#iconURL are now methods:
const avatar = user.displayAvatarURL()
const icon = mesage.guild.iconURL()
您还可以传递 ImageURLOptions 自定义格式和大小等内容.
You can also pass an ImageURLOptions to customise things like format and size.
要了解有关 v12 重大更改的更多信息，请查看 the更新指南和changelog.文档也是寻找特定方法的好资源/属性.
To find out more about the v12 breaking changes, take a look at the updating guide and the changelog. The documentation is also a good resource for finding a particular method/property.
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