JSON 对象中的项目是否使用“json.dumps"出现故障?

问题描述

I'm using json.dumps to convert into json like

countries.append({"id":row.id,"name":row.name,"timezone":row.timezone})
print json.dumps(countries)

The result i have is:

[
   {"timezone": 4, "id": 1, "name": "Mauritius"}, 
   {"timezone": 2, "id": 2, "name": "France"}, 
   {"timezone": 1, "id": 3, "name": "England"}, 
   {"timezone": -4, "id": 4, "name": "USA"}
]

I want to have the keys in the following order: id, name, timezone - but instead I have timezone, id, name.

How should I fix this?

解决方案

Both Python dict (before Python 3.7) and JSON object are unordered collections. You could pass sort_keys parameter, to sort the keys:

>>> import json
>>> json.dumps({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
'{"b": 2, "a": 1}'
>>> json.dumps({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, sort_keys=True)
'{"a": 1, "b": 2}'

If you need a particular order; you could use collections.OrderedDict:

>>> from collections import OrderedDict
>>> json.dumps(OrderedDict([("a", 1), ("b", 2)]))
'{"a": 1, "b": 2}'
>>> json.dumps(OrderedDict([("b", 2), ("a", 1)]))
'{"b": 2, "a": 1}'

Since Python 3.6, the keyword argument order is preserved and the above can be rewritten using a nicer syntax:

>>> json.dumps(OrderedDict(a=1, b=2))
'{"a": 1, "b": 2}'
>>> json.dumps(OrderedDict(b=2, a=1))
'{"b": 2, "a": 1}'

See PEP 468 – Preserving Keyword Argument Order.

If your input is given as JSON then to preserve the order (to get OrderedDict), you could pass object_pair_hook, as suggested by @Fred Yankowski:

>>> json.loads('{"a": 1, "b": 2}', object_pairs_hook=OrderedDict)
OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])
>>> json.loads('{"b": 2, "a": 1}', object_pairs_hook=OrderedDict)
OrderedDict([('b', 2), ('a', 1)])