将垂直结果转换为水平模式 (T-SQL)
以下是示例数据:
计算日期PLResult
2014-01-02 100
2014-01-03 200
2014-02-03 300
2014-02-04 400
2014-02-27 500
这是预期的结果(以逻辑格式):
Here are the expected result (in logical format) :
一月 二月 ;
CalculationDatePLResultCalculationDatePLResult
2014-01-02 100 2014-02-03 300
2014-01-03 200 2014-02-04 400
; 2014-02-27 500
这是预期的结果(使用 T-SQL 查询):
Here are the expected result (using T-SQL Query) :
Jan-CalculationDateJan-PLResultFeb-CalculationDateFeb-PLResult
2014-01-02 100 2014-02-03 ; 300
2014-01-03 200 2014-02-04 ; 400
; 2014-02-27 ; 500
目标:
- 按月份对结果进行分类.在上面的示例中，一月份的结果放在一月份的细分中.
- 月数可以是动态的.在上面的例子中，它只显示了 1 月和 2 月，因为只有 2 个月的结果
- 结果将通过 Excel 显示.其实我可以查询多个查询表来汇总不同月份的结果，但是如果可以通过一个查询返回所有结果，那么维护和调试会更容易.
以下是填充示例数据的脚本:
Here are the scripts to populate the sample data :
CREATE TABLE #PLResultPerDay ( CalculationDate DATETIME, PLResult DECIMAL(18,8) )
INSERT INTO #PLResultPerDay ( CalculationDate, PLResult ) VALUES ('2014-01-02' , 100 )
INSERT INTO #PLResultPerDay ( CalculationDate, PLResult ) VALUES ('2014-01-03' , 200 )
INSERT INTO #PLResultPerDay ( CalculationDate, PLResult ) VALUES ('2014-02-03' , 300 )
INSERT INTO #PLResultPerDay ( CalculationDate, PLResult ) VALUES ('2014-02-04' , 400 )
到目前为止，这是我构建查询的尝试:
So far here is my attempt in building the query :
SELECT
CalculationDate, [January], CalculationDate, [February]
FROM
(
SELECT CalculationDate, PLResult, DATENAME(MONTH, CalculationDate) AS [MTH]
FROM #PLResultPerDay
) x
PIVOT
(
MIN(PLResult)
FOR [MTH] IN ([January], [February])
) p
推荐答案
正如人们所说，这实际上是不可能的，你能得到的最接近的是:
As has been said this isn't actually possible, the closest you could get is:
January2014CalculationDate | January2014PLResult | February2014CalculationDate | February2014PLResult
---------------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+------------------
2014-01-02 | 100 | 2014-02-03 | 300
2014-01-03 | 200 | 2014-02-04 | 400
NULL | NULL | 2014-02-27 | 500
即使这并不简单，我仍然建议在 sql 之外处理这样的格式.第一步是按月对数据进行分区，然后对每个月的日期进行排序:
And even that is not simple and I would still advise handling formatting like this outside of sql. The first step is to partition the data by month, and then rank the dates in each month:
SELECT CalculationDate,
PLResult,
CalculationMonth,
DenseRank = DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY CalculationMonth ORDER BY CalculationDate)
FROM ( SELECT CalculationDate,
PLResult,
CalculationMonth = DATEADD(MONTH, DATEDIFF(MONTH, 0, CalculationDate), 0)
FROM #PLResultPerDay
) pl;
这给出:
CalculationDate PLResult CalculationMonth DenseRank
2014-01-02 100 2014-01-01 1
2014-01-03 200 2014-01-01 2
2014-02-03 300 2014-02-01 1
2014-02-04 400 2014-02-01 2
2014-02-27 500 2014-02-01 3
然后您可以旋转这些数据:
You can then pivot this data:
WITH Data AS
( SELECT CalculationDate,
PLResult,
CalculationMonth,
DenseRank = DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY CalculationMonth ORDER BY CalculationDate)
FROM ( SELECT CalculationDate,
PLResult,
CalculationMonth = DATEADD(MONTH, DATEDIFF(MONTH, 0, CalculationDate), 0)
FROM #PLResultPerDay
) pl
)
SELECT Jan2014CalcDate = MIN(CASE WHEN CalculationMonth = '20140101' THEN CalculationDate END),
Jan2014Result = SUM(CASE WHEN CalculationMonth = '20140101' THEN PLResult END),
Feb2014CalcDate = MIN(CASE WHEN CalculationMonth = '20140201' THEN CalculationDate END),
Feb2014Result = SUM(CASE WHEN CalculationMonth = '20140201' THEN PLResult END)
FROM Data
GROUP BY DenseRank
ORDER BY DenseRank;
这给出:
Jan2014CalcDate Jan2014Result Feb2014CalcDate Feb2014Result
2014-01-02 100 2014-02-03 300
2014-01-03 200 2014-02-04 400
NULL NULL 2014-02-27 500
那么由于您有一个动态的月份数，您需要动态构建上述语句并使用 SP_EXECUTESQL 来运行它:
Then since you have a dynamic number of months you need to build the above statement dynamically and use SP_EXECUTESQL to run it:
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) = '';
WITH Months AS
( SELECT M,
ColName = DATENAME(MONTH, M) + DATENAME(YEAR, M),
CharFormat = CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), M, 112)
FROM ( SELECT DISTINCT M = DATEADD(MONTH, DATEDIFF(MONTH, 0, CalculationDate), 0)
FROM #PLResultPerDay
) m
)
SELECT @SQL = 'WITH Data AS
( SELECT CalculationDate,
PLResult,
CalculationMonth,
DenseRank = DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY CalculationMonth ORDER BY CalculationDate)
FROM ( SELECT CalculationDate,
PLResult,
CalculationMonth = DATEADD(MONTH, DATEDIFF(MONTH, 0, CalculationDate), 0)
FROM #PLResultPerDay
) pl
)
SELECT ' +
STUFF(( SELECT ', ' + ColName + 'CalculationDate = MIN(CASE WHEN CalculationMonth = ''' + CharFormat + ''' THEN CalculationDate END), ' +
ColName + 'PLResult = SUM(CASE WHEN CalculationMonth = ''' + CharFormat + ''' THEN PLResult END)'
FROM Months
ORDER BY M
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'), 1, 2, '') +
'FROM Data
GROUP BY DenseRank
ORDER BY DenseRank;';
EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL;
SQL Fiddle 示例
请注意，我仍然建议不要使用这种技术，并认为 SQL 应该用于存储/检索数据，以及用于格式化数据的表示层
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