用SQL高效插入大量数据

2021-12-24 00:00:00 file-upload excel sql oracle plsql

您好，我经常需要向表中插入大量数据.例如，我会以

Hi I often have to insert a lot of data into a table. For example, I would have data from excel or text file in the form of 

1,a
3,bsdf
4,sdkfj
5,something
129,else

然后我在这个例子中经常构造6条insert语句并运行SQL脚本.我发现当我必须向服务器发送数千个小包时，这很慢，而且还会给网络带来额外的开销.

then I often construct 6 insert statements in this example and run the SQL script. I found this was slow when I have to send thousands of small packages to server, it also causes extra overhead to the network.

你最好的方法是什么?

更新:我使用的是 ORACLE 10g.

Update: I'm using ORACLE 10g.

推荐答案

使用 Oracle 外部表.

另见例如

  • OraFaq 关于外部表
  • Tom 对外部表的看法
  • René Nyffenegger 关于外部表的说明

一个可以帮助您入门的简单示例

您需要一个位于服务器目录中的文件(熟悉目录对象):

You need a file located in a server directory (get familiar with directory objects):

SQL> select directory_path from all_directories where directory_name = 'JTEST';

DIRECTORY_PATH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c:datajtest

SQL> !cat ~/.gvfs/jtest on 192.168.xxx.xxx/exttable-1.csv
1,a
3,bsdf
4,sdkfj
5,something
129,else

创建外部表:

create table so13t (
  id number(4),
  data varchar2(20)
)
organization external (
  type oracle_loader
  default directory jtest /* jtest is an existing directory object */
  access parameters (
    records delimited by newline
    fields terminated by ','
    missing field values are null
  )
  location ('exttable-1.csv') /* the file located in jtest directory */
)
reject limit unlimited;

现在您可以使用SQL 的所有功能来访问数据:

Now you can use all the powers of SQL to access the data:

SQL> select * from so13t order by data;

        ID DATA
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
         1 a
         3 bsdf
       129 else
         4 sdkfj
         5 something

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