python请求:请求期间出现SSL错误?
问题描述
出于个人兴趣，我正在学习使用 python 请求的 API 请求.我试图简单地下载 URL 'https://live.euronext.com/fr/product/equities/fr0000120578-xpar/'.
I'm learning API requests using python requests for personal interest. I'm trying to simply download the URL 'https://live.euronext.com/fr/product/equities/fr0000120578-xpar/'.
使用 postman 可以完美运行:邮递员 GET 请求截图
It works perfectly using postman : Screenshot of postman GET request
我正在使用此代码在 python 中尝试相同的请求:
I'm trying the same request in python using this code :
import requests
headers = {
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/"
"xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Accept-Language": "en-GB,en;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,ml;q=0.7",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Host": 'live.euronext.com',
"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:75.0) "
"Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0"
}
url = "https://live.euronext.com/fr/product/equities/fr0000120578-xpar/"
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify="/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt")
print(r)
我已经阅读了请求文档，我已经搜索了类似的问题，我尝试了各种选项，例如 verify=False 或 verify="/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt" 指向一些有效的证书.我也尝试了许多标题选项.没有选项有效.我仍然有 [SSL: WRONG_SIGNATURE_TYPE] 错误的签名类型 错误.
I've read the requests doc, i've search for similar issues, i've tried various options like verify=False or verify="/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt" pointing to some valid certificates. I've also tried many headers options. None option is working. I still have a [SSL: WRONG_SIGNATURE_TYPE] wrong signature type error.
请帮助我理解这个问题.谢谢，
Please I need help to understand the issue. Thanks,
这是完整的错误文本:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SSLError Traceback (most recent call last)
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py in urlopen(self, method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host, timeout, pool_timeout, release_conn, chunked, body_pos, **response_kw)
664 # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
--> 665 httplib_response = self._make_request(
666 conn,
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py in _make_request(self, conn, method, url, timeout, chunked, **httplib_request_kw)
375 try:
--> 376 self._validate_conn(conn)
377 except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) as e:
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py in _validate_conn(self, conn)
995 if not getattr(conn, "sock", None): # AppEngine might not have `.sock`
--> 996 conn.connect()
997
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connection.py in connect(self)
351
--> 352 self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
353 sock=conn,
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py in ssl_wrap_socket(sock, keyfile, certfile, cert_reqs, ca_certs, server_hostname, ssl_version, ciphers, ssl_context, ca_cert_dir, key_password)
369 if HAS_SNI and server_hostname is not None:
--> 370 return context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
371
/usr/lib/python3.8/ssl.py in wrap_socket(self, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, session)
499 # ctx._wrap_socket()
--> 500 return self.sslsocket_class._create(
501 sock=sock,
/usr/lib/python3.8/ssl.py in _create(cls, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, context, session)
1039 raise ValueError("do_handshake_on_connect should not be specified for non-blocking sockets")
-> 1040 self.do_handshake()
1041 except (OSError, ValueError):
/usr/lib/python3.8/ssl.py in do_handshake(self, block)
1308 self.settimeout(None)
-> 1309 self._sslobj.do_handshake()
1310 finally:
SSLError: [SSL: WRONG_SIGNATURE_TYPE] wrong signature type (_ssl.c:1108)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
MaxRetryError Traceback (most recent call last)
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/adapters.py in send(self, request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)
438 if not chunked:
--> 439 resp = conn.urlopen(
440 method=request.method,
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py in urlopen(self, method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host, timeout, pool_timeout, release_conn, chunked, body_pos, **response_kw)
718
--> 719 retries = retries.increment(
720 method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py in increment(self, method, url, response, error, _pool, _stacktrace)
435 if new_retry.is_exhausted():
--> 436 raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
437
MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='live.euronext.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /fr/product/equities/fr0000120578-xpar/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: WRONG_SIGNATURE_TYPE] wrong signature type (_ssl.c:1108)')))
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
SSLError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-032056a6c771> in <module>
13 }
14 url = "https://live.euronext.com/fr/product/equities/fr0000120578-xpar/"
---> 15 r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify="/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt")
16 print(r)
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/api.py in get(url, params, **kwargs)
73
74 kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
---> 75 return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
76
77
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/api.py in request(method, url, **kwargs)
58 # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
59 with sessions.Session() as session:
---> 60 return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
61
62
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/sessions.py in request(self, method, url, params, data, headers, cookies, files, auth, timeout, allow_redirects, proxies, hooks, stream, verify, cert, json)
531 }
532 send_kwargs.update(settings)
--> 533 resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
534
535 return resp
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/sessions.py in send(self, request, **kwargs)
644
645 # Send the request
--> 646 r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
647
648 # Total elapsed time of the request (approximately)
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/adapters.py in send(self, request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)
512 if isinstance(e.reason, _SSLError):
513 # This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later.
--> 514 raise SSLError(e, request=request)
515
516 raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='live.euronext.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /fr/product/equities/fr0000120578-xpar/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: WRONG_SIGNATURE_TYPE] wrong signature type (_ssl.c:1108)')))
解决方案
终于找到问题了，感谢https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/4775
import requests
import ssl
from urllib3 import poolmanager
url = 'https://live.euronext.com/fr/product/equities/FR0000120271-XPAR'
class TLSAdapter(requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter):
def init_poolmanager(self, connections, maxsize, block=False):
"""Create and initialize the urllib3 PoolManager."""
ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
ctx.set_ciphers('DEFAULT@SECLEVEL=1')
self.poolmanager = poolmanager.PoolManager(
num_pools=connections,
maxsize=maxsize,
block=block,
ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS,
ssl_context=ctx)
session = requests.session()
session.mount('https://', TLSAdapter())
res = session.get(url)
print(res)
输出是 <Response [200]> ！
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