matplotlib 数据的 cx_freeze 错误

2022-01-24 00:00:00 python matplotlib debian cx-freeze

问题描述

我正在尝试在 Debian 8 机器上使用 cx_freeze 冻结 Python 程序，但遇到以下错误消息:

I'm trying to freeze a Python program with cx_freeze, on a Debian 8 machine, but I run into this error message: 

copying /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data -> build/exe.linux-x86_64-2.7/mpl-data
error: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data'

我的 setup.py 文件包含:

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable

buildOptions = {
    "excludes": ["PyQt5"]}
# PyQt5 conflicts with PyQt4

base = None

executables = [
    Executable('test_fitfuns.py', base=base)
]

setup(name='testfitfuns',
      version = '1.0',
      description = 'test fit functions',
      options = dict(build_exe = buildOptions),
      executables = executables)

我发现我的 mpl-data 目录在 "/usr/share/matplotlib/mpl-data" 中，所以我尝试将此行添加到 >buildOptions:

I figured out that my mpl-data directory is in "/usr/share/matplotlib/mpl-data", so I tried adding this line to buildOptions:

"include_files": [("/usr/share/matplotlib/mpl-data", "mpl-data")],

如果我这样做，我的错误会变成:

If I do this, my error becomes:

error: [Errno 21] Is a directory: 'build/exe.linux-x86_64-2.7/mpl-data'

接下来我应该尝试什么?

What should I try next?

这是我第一次尝试使用 cx_freeze，所以如果这是一个微不足道的问题，我深表歉意.

This is my first attempt at using cx_freeze, so I apologize if this is a trivial question.

解决方案

问题是cx_freeze认为mpl-data目录在哪里引起的.具体来说，cx_Freeze.hooks 模块中的函数 load_matplotlib() 在 Linux 上创建了错误的路径(但在 Windows 上没有).

The problem is caused by where cx_freeze thinks the mpl-data directory lives. Specifically, the function load_matplotlib(), in the cx_Freeze.hooks module, creates the wrong path on Linux (but not on Windows). 

def load_matplotlib(finder, module):
    """the matplotlib module requires data to be found in mpl-data in the
       same directory as the frozen executable so oblige it"""
    dir = os.path.join(module.path[0], "mpl-data")
    finder.IncludeFiles(dir, "mpl-data")

在包装过程中会自动调用此函数来设置 mpl-data 目录的路径.它确实应该使用 matplotlib 包提供的 get_data_path() 函数，因为它返回所需的路径.

This function gets called automatically during the wrapping process to set the path to the mpl-data directory. It should really be using the get_data_path() function provided by the matplotlib package as this returns the required path.

了解所有这些后，我将以下内容添加到我的 setup.py 文件中.

Knowing all of this I added the following to my setup.py file. 

import cx_Freeze.hooks
def hack(finder, module):
    return
cx_Freeze.hooks.load_matplotlib = hack

我在之后添加了这个

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable

然后我添加了

 (matplotlib.get_data_path(), "mpl-data")

到 build_options_dict 的 include_files 列表

To the include_files list for the build_options_dict 

include_files =[              
                (matplotlib.get_data_path(), "mpl-data")
                #you may nay need to include other files 
                ]
build_options_dict ={"path" : apath, 
                     "packages":packages,
                     "include_files" :include_files,
                     "excludes": excludes,
                     "optimize":2
                     }

然后将 build_options_dict 提供给选项字典中的 cx_freeze 设置函数.

The build_options_dict is then supplied to the cx_freeze setup function in the options dictionary.

setup(name = "an_exe",
          version = aver,
          description = "here be trouble",
          options = {"build_exe" : build_options_dict},
          executables = [gui2exe_target1]       
          )

现在有些人可能会说，写出来会更优雅

Now some may say that it would have been more elegant to have just written

def hack(finder, module):
        finder.IncludeFiles(matplotlib.get_data_path(), "mpl-data")

不要为包含文件列表中的额外内容而烦恼，我会说他们是对的.但是，我知道我写的东西有效，还没有测试更优雅的方法.

and not to have bothered with the extra stuff in the includes_files list and I would say they are right. However, I know what I wrote works and have yet to test the more elegant method.

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