使用 Excel VBA 运行 SQL 查询

2021-12-03 00:00:00 vba excel sql sql-server

我对 SQL 和 VBA 还很陌生.我编写了一个 SQL 查询，我希望能够从 Excel 工作簿中的 VBA 子程序调用和运行该查询，然后将查询结果带入工作簿.我在网上(stackoverflow 和其他地方)找到了一些声称这样做的子程序，但我无法理解它们，因为它们不包含任何解释.例如，这是我在网上找到的一个子程序:

I am fairly new to SQL and VBA. I have written a SQL query that I would like to be able to call and run from a VBA sub in an excel workbook and then bring the query results into the workbook. I have found some subs online (stackoverflow and other places) that claim to do this but I am having trouble understanding them as they contain no explanation. For example, here is a sub that I found online:

Sub ConnectSqlServer()

    Dim conn As ADODB.Connection
    Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
    Dim sConnString As String

    ' Create the connection string.
    sConnString = "Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=INSTANCESQLEXPRESS;" & _
                  "Initial Catalog=MyDatabaseName;" & _
                  "Integrated Security=SSPI;"

    ' Create the Connection and Recordset objects.
    Set conn = New ADODB.Connection
    Set rs = New ADODB.Recordset

    ' Open the connection and execute.
    conn.Open sConnString
    Set rs = conn.Execute("SELECT * FROM Table1;")

    ' Check we have data.
    If Not rs.EOF Then
        ' Transfer result.
        Sheets(1).Range("A1").CopyFromRecordset rs
    ' Close the recordset
        rs.Close
    Else
        MsgBox "Error: No records returned.", vbCritical
    End If

    ' Clean up
    If CBool(conn.State And adStateOpen) Then conn.Close
    Set conn = Nothing
    Set rs = Nothing

End Sub

首先，这行得通吗?其次，我需要在子中替换什么(它看起来像提供者、数据源、初始目录等)，我在哪里可以找到替换它们的信息?

First of all, would this work? Second, what do I need to replace in the sub (it looks like provider, data source, initial catalog, etc) and where do I find the info to replace them with?

我希望这个问题不会太令人困惑，感谢您的帮助！

I hope this question is not too confusing and I appreciate your help!

推荐答案

以下是我目前用于将数据从 MS SQL Server 2008 提取到 VBA 的代码.您需要确保您拥有正确的 ADODB 参考 [VBA 编辑器->工具->参考]，并确保您已选中 Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects 2.8 Library，即选中的倒数第二行(我在 Windows 7 上使用 Excel 2010；您的 ActiveX 版本可能略有不同，但仍会以 Microsoft ActiveX 开头):

Below is code that I currently use to pull data from a MS SQL Server 2008 into VBA. You need to make sure you have the proper ADODB reference [VBA Editor->Tools->References] and make sure you have Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects 2.8 Library checked, which is the second from the bottom row that is checked (I'm using Excel 2010 on Windows 7; you might have a slightly different ActiveX version, but it will still begin with Microsoft ActiveX):

用于通过远程主机连接到 MS SQL 的子模块 &用户名/密码

Sub Download_Standard_BOM()
'Initializes variables
Dim cnn As New ADODB.Connection
Dim rst As New ADODB.Recordset
Dim ConnectionString As String
Dim StrQuery As String

'Setup the connection string for accessing MS SQL database
   'Make sure to change:
       '1: PASSWORD
       '2: USERNAME
       '3: REMOTE_IP_ADDRESS
       '4: DATABASE
    ConnectionString = "Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Password=PASSWORD;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=USERNAME;Data Source=REMOTE_IP_ADDRESS;Use Procedure for Prepare=1;Auto Translate=True;Packet Size=4096;Use Encryption for Data=False;Tag with column collation when possible=False;Initial Catalog=DATABASE"

    'Opens connection to the database
    cnn.Open ConnectionString
    'Timeout error in seconds for executing the entire query; this will run for 15 minutes before VBA timesout, but your database might timeout before this value
    cnn.CommandTimeout = 900

    'This is your actual MS SQL query that you need to run; you should check this query first using a more robust SQL editor (such as HeidiSQL) to ensure your query is valid
    StrQuery = "SELECT TOP 10 * FROM tbl_table"

    'Performs the actual query
    rst.Open StrQuery, cnn
    'Dumps all the results from the StrQuery into cell A2 of the first sheet in the active workbook
    Sheets(1).Range("A2").CopyFromRecordset rst
End Sub

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