如何仅在内存中运行 Django 的测试数据库?

2021-11-20 00:00:00 python django unit-testing mysql

我的 Django 单元测试需要很长时间才能运行，所以我正在寻找加快速度的方法.我正在考虑安装 SSD，但我知道这也有其缺点.当然，我可以用我的代码做一些事情，但我正在寻找结构修复.即使运行单个测试也很慢，因为每次都需要重建/南迁移数据库.所以这是我的想法...

My Django unit tests take a long time to run, so I'm looking for ways to speed that up. I'm considering installing an SSD, but I know that has its downsides too. Of course, there are things I could do with my code, but I'm looking for a structural fix. Even running a single test is slow since the database needs to be rebuilt / south migrated every time. So here's my idea...

既然我知道测试数据库总是很小，为什么我不能将系统配置为始终将整个测试数据库保存在 RAM 中?切勿触摸磁盘.我如何在 Django 中配置它?我更愿意继续使用 MySQL 因为那是我在生产中使用的，但是如果 SQLite 3 或其他使这变得容易的东西，我会那样做.

Since I know the test database will always be quite small, why can't I just configure the system to always keep the entire test database in RAM? Never touch the disk at all. How do I configure this in Django? I'd prefer to keep using MySQL since that's what I use in production, but if SQLite 3 or something else makes this easy, I'd go that way.

SQLite 或 MySQL 是否可以选择完全在内存中运行?应该可以配置一个 RAM 磁盘，然后配置测试数据库以将其数据存储在那里，但我不确定如何告诉 Django/MySQL 为某个数据库使用不同的数据目录，尤其是因为它不断被擦除并重新创建每次运行.(我使用的是 Mac FWIW.)

Does SQLite or MySQL have an option to run entirely in memory? It should be possible to configure a RAM disk and then configure the test database to store its data there, but I'm not sure how to tell Django / MySQL to use a different data directory for a certain database, especially since it keeps getting erased and recreated each run. (I'm on a Mac FWIW.)

推荐答案

如果在运行测试时将数据库引擎设置为 sqlite3，Django 将使用内存数据库.

If you set your database engine to sqlite3 when you run your tests, Django will use a in-memory database.

我在我的 settings.py 中使用这样的代码在运行我的测试时将引擎设置为 sqlite:

I'm using code like this in my settings.py to set the engine to sqlite when running my tests:

if 'test' in sys.argv:
    DATABASE_ENGINE = 'sqlite3'

或者在 Django 1.2 中:

Or in Django 1.2:

if 'test' in sys.argv:
    DATABASES['default'] = {'ENGINE': 'sqlite3'}

最后在 Django 1.3 和 1.4 中:

And finally in Django 1.3 and 1.4:

if 'test' in sys.argv:
    DATABASES['default'] = {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3'}

(在 Django 1.3 中，后端的完整路径并不是必需的，但可以使设置向前兼容.)

(The full path to the backend isn't strictly necessary with Django 1.3, but makes the setting forward compatible.)

您还可以添加以下行，以防您遇到南迁移问题:

You can also add the following line, in case you are having problems with South migrations:

    SOUTH_TESTS_MIGRATE = False

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