如何让 matplotlib 和 Latex 一起工作?

2022-01-24 00:00:00 python matplotlib latex plot tex

问题描述

我有以下问题，我对 matplotlib 和 python 完全陌生:为了为我的论文生成高质量的图，我想使用 matplotlib，我想对轴等使用乳胶命令.当我尝试以下示例时(来自 http://matplotlib.org/users/usetex.html#usetex-tutorial):

I have the following problem and I am totally new to matplotlib and python: To produce high qualitiy plots for my thesis I want to use matplotlib and I want to use the latex commands for the axes etc. When I try the following example (from http://matplotlib.org/users/usetex.html#usetex-tutorial):

import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


# Example data 
t = np.arange(0.0, 1.0 + 0.01, 0.01) 
s = np.cos(4 * np.pi * t) + 2

plt.rc('text', usetex=True) 
plt.rc('font', family='serif') 
plt.plot(t, s)

plt.xlabel(r'	extbf{time} (s)')
plt.ylabel(r'	extit{voltage} (mV)',fontsize=16) 
plt.title(r"TeX is Number "
          r"$displaystylesum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{-e^{ipi}}{2^n}$!",
          fontsize=16, color='gray')
# Make room for the ridiculously large title. 
plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.8)

plt.savefig('tex_demo') 
plt.show()

我收到以下消息:

  File "test.py", line 21, in <module>
    plt.savefig('tex_demo')
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 561, in savefig
    return fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1421, in savefig
    self.canvas.print_figure(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2220, in print_figure
    **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 505, in print_png
    FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 451, in draw
    self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1034, in draw
    func(*args)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/axes.py", line 2086, in draw
    a.draw(renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1105, in draw
    self.label.draw(renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/text.py", line 594, in draw
    self._fontproperties, angle, mtext=self)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 241, in draw_tex
    self._renderer.draw_text_image(Z, x, y, angle, gc)
OverflowError: cannot convert float infinity to integer

我是 Linux (Ubuntu 14.04) 的新手，安装 matplotlib 时可能做错了什么；这是我为安装 matplotlib 等所做的:

I'm new to Linux (Ubuntu 14.04) and maybe have done something wrong when installing matplotlib; here is what I have done to install matplotlib etc.:

sudo apt-get install python3
sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib
sudo apt-get build-dep python-matplotlib

我正在使用 texmaker 并认为这可能是问题所在；所以我做了以下事情:

I am using texmaker and thought this could be the problem; so I did the following:

sudo aptitude install texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-extra

如果我尝试任何其他绘图，包括乳胶命令，我会收到类似的错误消息，或者绘图没有任何轴标签.

If I try any other plots including latex commands I get similar error messages, or plots without any lables for the axes.

解决方案

您的问题之前已被视为 在 matplotlib-user 邮件列表中报告.决议 在这里 并确认它的工作原理在这里.

Your problem has been seen before as reported here on the matplotlib-user mailing list. The resolution is here and the confirmation that it works is here.

综上，需要清除tex.cache目录.

In summary, you need to clear the tex.cache directory.

要查找该目录的位置 - 进入 python 并执行 matplotlib.get_cachedir()

To find where that directory is - go into python and execute matplotlib.get_cachedir()

对于标准的 Ubuntu 14.04 安装 - 您应该得到如下内容:

For a standard Ubuntu 14.04 install - you should get something like the following:

~$ python3
Python 3.4.0 (default, Apr 11 2014, 13:05:11) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib as mpl
>>> mpl.get_cachedir()
'/home/<username>/.cache/matplotlib'

然后执行 rm <path/to/cache/from/above>/tex.cache/* 然后重新运行，它应该一切正常.

Then do rm <path/to/cache/from/above>/tex.cache/* and then re-run and it should all work.

usetex 故障排除文档部分中提供了一些类似的技巧，该部分会导致到 这里 来定位目录，但是他们不幸的是，不要提及 get_cachedir()

Some tips like this are available in the usetex troubleshooting docs section, which lead to here to locate the directory, but they unfortunately don't mention get_cachedir()

编辑 拉取请求a> 基于此问题生成并合并到 matplotlib 文档中.

Edit Pull Request generated based on this question and merged into the matplotlib docs.

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